---
title: aspen — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «aspen» in the school dictionary: An aspen is a tall, thin tree of the poplar family, with round leaves on long, flat stalks that make them shake and flutter in the slightest wind. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# aspen

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** aspen, long flat stalks, stalks, Aspen wood, aspens, whole forest · **What happens:** be, make, shake, flutter, leave, tremble · **To what, where:** tall thin tree, stalks, slightest wind, breeze, solo, aspen trees

<!-- .vabout -->
«aspen» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [aspen in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/aspen.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An aspen is a tall, thin tree of the poplar family, with round leaves on long, flat stalks that make them shake and flutter in the slightest wind.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aspen:m1:1
# text = An aspen is a tall, thin tree of the poplar family, with round leaves on long, flat stalks that make them shake and flutter in the slightest wind.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aspen	aspen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	poplar	poplar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	stalks	stalk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	shake	shake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	flutter	flutter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	slightest	slight	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	31	amod	_	_
31	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a aspen | a tall thin tree and round leaves on long flat stalks |  |  |  | of the poplar family | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | long flat stalks | stalks *= stalk* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **shake** | infinitive | stalks *= stalk* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **flutter** | infinitive | stalks *= stalk* *not said here* |  |  | the slightest wind |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aspen wood is light and soft.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aspen:m2:1
# text = Aspen wood is light and soft.
1	Aspen	aspen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Aspen wood |  |  |  |  | light *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Aspen wood *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The aspen leaves trembled in the breeze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aspen:x1:1
# text = The aspen leaves trembled in the breeze.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aspen	aspen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	trembled	tremble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	breeze	breeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present | the aspen |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tremble** | participle | the aspen *not said here* |  |  | the breeze |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in breeze=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In autumn, the aspens turned golden yellow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aspen:x2:1
# text = In autumn, the aspens turned golden yellow.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	aspens	aspen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the aspens |  |  |  | autumn | yellow *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A whole forest of aspens can grow from one root.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aspen:x3:1
# text = A whole forest of aspens can grow from one root.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	aspens	aspen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | can | a whole forest of aspens |  |  |  |  | from one root | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from root=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was shaking like an aspen leaf before her solo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aspen:x4:1
# text = She was shaking like an aspen leaf before her solo.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	shaking	shake	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	aspen	aspen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	solo	solo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past · progressive | She |  |  | her solo |  | like a aspen leaf | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before solo=Location |
| 2 | **solo** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom solo «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beavers like to chew aspen trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aspen:x5:1
# text = Beavers like to chew aspen trees.
1	Beavers	beaver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	chew	chew	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	aspen	aspen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | Beavers |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **chew** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Beavers *not said here* | aspen trees |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aspen bark is pale and smooth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aspen:x6:1
# text = Aspen bark is pale and smooth.
1	Aspen	aspen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Aspen bark |  |  |  |  | pale *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Aspen bark *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I shook like an aspen leaf at the sight, and my spirit quaked for fear.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aspen:x7:1
# text = I shook like an aspen leaf at the sight, and my spirit quaked for fear.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shook	shook	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	aspen	aspen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
14	quaked	quake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shook** | present | I |  |  | the sight |  | like a aspen leaf | tree rules |
| 2 | **quake** | participle |  | my spirit *not said here* |  |  |  | for fear | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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