---
title: assyrian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «assyrian» in the school dictionary: Assyrian means to do with ancient Assyria, a powerful empire in Mesopotamia (today mostly northern Iraq), with cities like Nineveh and Assur, strongest about 900–600 BC. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# assyrian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Assyrian, Assyrians, people, Jonah, Assyrian king, British Museum · **What happens:** mean, do, be, speak, call, conquer · **To what, where:** person, people, Neo-Aramaic, northern Kingdom, Bible, Jonah · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«assyrian» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [assyrian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/assyrian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Assyrian means to do with ancient Assyria, a powerful empire in Mesopotamia (today mostly northern Iraq), with cities like Nineveh and Assur, strongest about 900–600 BC.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:assyrian:m1:1
# text = Assyrian means to do with ancient Assyria, a powerful empire in Mesopotamia (today mostly northern Iraq), with cities like Nineveh and Assur, strongest about 900–600 BC.
1	Assyrian	assyrian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Assyria	Assyria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Mesopotamia	Mesopotamia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
23	like	like	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Nineveh	Nineveh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	Assur	Assur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	strongest	strong	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	22	acl:relcl	_	_
29	about	about	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	900	900	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	28	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	32	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	600	600	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	30	nmod	_	_
33	BC	BC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Assyrian |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with ancient Assyria; with cities like Nineveh and Assur | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An Assyrian is a person of ancient Assyria.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:assyrian:m2:1
# text = An Assyrian is a person of ancient Assyria.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Assyrian	assyrian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Assyria	Assyria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a Assyrian | a person |  |  |  | of ancient Assyria | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Assyrians today are a people of the Middle East and around the world, mostly Christians, who speak Neo-Aramaic (also called Assyrian or Syriac).

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:assyrian:m3:1
# text = Assyrians today are a people of the Middle East and around the world, mostly Christians, who speak Neo-Aramaic (also called Assyrian or Syriac).
1	Assyrians	assyrian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	around	around	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
20	Neo-Aramaic	Neo-Aramaic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	also	also	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
24	Assyrian	Assyrian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	xcomp	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	Syriac	Syriac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Assyrians | a people |  |  |  | of the Middle East and the world and Christians | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | a people | Neo-Aramaic |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  | Neo-Aramaic *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Bible the Assyrians conquered the northern Kingdom of Israel, and Jonah was sent to preach in their city Nineveh.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:assyrian:m4:1
# text = In the Bible the Assyrians conquered the northern Kingdom of Israel, and Jonah was sent to preach in their city Nineveh.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Assyrians	Assyrian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	conquered	conquer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	Jonah	Jonah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	preach	preach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	Nineveh	Nineveh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conquer** | past | the Assyrians | the northern Kingdom of Israel |  | the Bible |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kingdom=Patient |
| 2 | **send** | past · passive |  | Jonah |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **preach** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | Jonah *not said here* |  |  | Assyrians's city |  |  | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Assyrian king lived in a palace at Nineveh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:assyrian:x1:1
# text = The Assyrian king lived in a palace at Nineveh.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Assyrian	assyrian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Nineveh	Nineveh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the Assyrian king |  |  | a palace at Nineveh |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in palace=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The British Museum has huge Assyrian stone carvings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:assyrian:x2:1
# text = The British Museum has huge Assyrian stone carvings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	British	British	PROPN	NNP	_	3	compound	_	_
3	Museum	Museum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	Assyrian	assyrian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	carvings	carving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the British Museum | huge Assyrian stone carvings |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carving=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Assyrian soldiers had iron weapons and chariots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:assyrian:x3:1
# text = Assyrian soldiers had iron weapons and chariots.
1	Assyrian	assyrian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	chariots	chariot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Assyrian soldiers | iron weapons and chariots |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weapon=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Bible, Jonah was sent to the great Assyrian city of Nineveh.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:assyrian:x4:1
# text = In the Bible, Jonah was sent to the great Assyrian city of Nineveh.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Jonah	Jonah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	Assyrian	Assyrian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Nineveh	Nineveh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past · passive |  | Jonah |  | the Bible |  | to the great Assyrian city of Nineveh | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in bible=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Assyrian scribes wrote in cuneiform on clay tablets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:assyrian:x5:1
# text = Assyrian scribes wrote in cuneiform on clay tablets.
1	Assyrian	assyrian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	scribes	scribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	cuneiform	cuneiform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	tablets	tablet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Assyrian scribes |  |  | cuneiform |  | on clay tablets | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in cuneiform=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My neighbour's family are Assyrians from Iraq.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:assyrian:x6:1
# text = My neighbour's family are Assyrians from Iraq.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Assyrians	Assyrian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My neighbour's family | Assyrians |  | Iraq |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Assyrian Christians celebrate Easter with special bread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:assyrian:x7:1
# text = Many Assyrian Christians celebrate Easter with special bread.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Assyrian	assyrian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	celebrate	celebrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Easter	Easter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **celebrate** | present | Many Assyrian Christians | Easter |  |  |  | with special bread | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent easter=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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