---
title: astonish — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «astonish» in the school dictionary: To surprise someone so much that they cannot quite believe it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# astonish

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**Who acts:** they, wise answers, Your, magic, You · **What happens:** surprise, not believe, astonish, answer · **To what, where:** someone, it, me, crowd

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«astonish» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [astonish in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/astonish.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To surprise someone so much that they cannot quite believe it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonish:m1:1
# text = To surprise someone so much that they cannot quite believe it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	surprise	surprise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	much	much	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surprise** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **believe** | can | they | it |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your wise answers astonish me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonish:x1:1
# text = Your wise answers astonish me.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	answers	answer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	astonish	astonish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **astonish** | present | Your wise answers | me |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |
| 2 | **answer** |  | Your |  |  |  |  |  | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The magic astonished the crowd.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonish:x2:1
# text = The magic astonished the crowd.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	astonished	astonish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **astonish** | past | the magic | the crowd |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus crowd=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You astonish me, Madam!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonish:x3:1
# text = You astonish me, Madam!
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	astonish	astonish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Madam	Madam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **astonish** | present | You | me |  |  |  | Madam *vocative* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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