---
title: astonished — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «astonished» in the school dictionary: Very surprised, so much that you can hardly believe it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# astonished

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, news, Alice, rabbit, size, Mum · **What happens:** believe, astonish, be, see, take, tidy · **To what, where:** it, us, rabbit, watch, pocket, We · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«astonished» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [astonished in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/astonished.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very surprised, so much that you can hardly believe it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonished:m1:1
# text = Very surprised, so much that you can hardly believe it.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	much	much	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | can | you | it |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, past — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Surprised someone very much: «The news astonished us.».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonished:m2:1
# text = Surprised someone very much: «The news astonished us.».
1	Surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	much	much	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	astonished	astonish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
10	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **astonish** *in a quote* | past | the news | us |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus we=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alice was astonished to see a rabbit take a watch out of its pocket.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonished:x1:1
# text = Alice was astonished to see a rabbit take a watch out of its pocket.
1	Alice	Alice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	pocket	pocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Alice |  |  |  |  | astonished *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Alice *not said here* | a rabbit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **take** | infinitive | a rabbit *not said here* | a watch |  | watch's pocket |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent watch=Theme out pocket=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were astonished by the size of the dinosaur skeleton.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonished:x2:1
# text = We were astonished by the size of the dinosaur skeleton.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	astonished	astonish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **astonish** | past · passive | the size of the dinosaur skeleton | We |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum was astonished when I tidied my room without being asked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonished:x3:1
# text = Mum was astonished when I tidied my room without being asked.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	tidied	tidy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	asked	ask	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Mum |  |  |  |  | astonished *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **tidy** | past | I | my room |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund · passive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V» |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crowd stared, astonished, at the magician.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonished:x4:1
# text = The crowd stared, astonished, at the magician.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stared	stare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stare** | past | the crowd |  |  |  |  | at the magician; astonished *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at magician=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mole was astonished by the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonished:x5:1
# text = The Mole was astonished by the river.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Mole	mole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	astonished	astonish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **astonish** | past · passive | the river | the Mole |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The results of the experiment astonished the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonished:x6:1
# text = The results of the experiment astonished the class.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	astonished	astonish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **astonish** | past | the results of the experiment | the class |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus class=Experiencer |
| 2 | **result** |  |  | the experiment |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I am astonished also!" said the General.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonished:x7:1
# text = "I am astonished also!" said the General.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	General	General	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the General *= general* |  |  |  |  | astonished *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the General |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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