---
title: astonishing — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «astonishing» in the school dictionary: Astonishing means so surprising that it is hard to believe; amazing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# astonishing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Astonishing, It, cheetah, Alice, magician, astonishing number · **What happens:** mean, be, believe, astonish, run, see · **To what, where:** astonishing sight, astonishing trick, size · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«astonishing» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [astonishing in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/astonishing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Astonishing means so surprising that it is hard to believe; amazing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishing:m1:1
# text = Astonishing means so surprising that it is hard to believe; amazing.
1	Astonishing	astonishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	surprising	surprising	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	expl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Astonishing |  |  |  |  | surprising *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Astonishing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **believe** | to-infinitive | Astonishing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is astonishing how fast a cheetah runs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishing:x1:1
# text = It is astonishing how fast a cheetah runs.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	astonishing	astonish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cheetah	cheetah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **astonish** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **run** | present | a cheetah |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alice saw an astonishing sight: a cat with a grin and no body.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishing:x2:1
# text = Alice saw an astonishing sight: a cat with a grin and no body.
1	Alice	Alice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	astonishing	astonishing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	grin	grin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Alice | a astonishing sight |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sight=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The magician did an astonishing trick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishing:x3:1
# text = The magician did an astonishing trick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	astonishing	astonish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | the magician | a astonishing trick |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Eventuality |
| 2 | **astonish** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An astonishing number of people came.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishing:x4:1
# text = An astonishing number of people came.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	astonishing	astonish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **astonish** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **come** | past | a astonishing number of people |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The blue whale is astonishing in size.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishing:x5:1
# text = The blue whale is astonishing in size.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	astonishing	astonish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **astonish** | present · progressive | the blue whale |  |  | size |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's astonishing that you finished so quickly!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishing:x6:1
# text = It's astonishing that you finished so quickly!
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	astonishing	astonish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	finished	finish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **astonish** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **finish** | past | you |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Queen cried, ‘It is astonishing!’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishing:x7:1
# text = The Queen cried, ‘It is astonishing!’
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	astonishing	astonish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the Queen |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **astonish** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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