---
title: astonishment — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «astonishment» in the school dictionary: Astonishment is a feeling of very great surprise. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# astonishment

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**Who acts:** Astonishment, cat, my, crowd, Mole, we · **What happens:** be, begin, talk, astonish, gasp, stare · **To what, where:** feeling, cup, astonishment, head, grand vizir

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«astonishment» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [astonishment in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/astonishment.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Astonishment is a feeling of very great surprise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishment:m1:1
# text = Astonishment is a feeling of very great surprise.
1	Astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Astonishment | a feeling |  |  |  | of great surprise | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To my astonishment, the cat began to talk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishment:x1:1
# text = To my astonishment, the cat began to talk.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the cat |  |  |  |  | to my astonishment | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **talk** | to-infinitive | the cat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **astonish** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom astonishment «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crowd gasped in astonishment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishment:x2:1
# text = The crowd gasped in astonishment.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gasped	gasp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gasp** | past | the crowd |  |  |  |  | in astonishment | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in astonishment=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mole stared in astonishment at Rat's boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishment:x3:1
# text = Mole stared in astonishment at Rat's boat.
1	Mole	Mole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stared	stare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stare** | past | Mole |  |  |  |  | at Rat's boat; in astonishment | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in astonishment=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Much to our astonishment, we won the cup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishment:x4:1
# text = Much to our astonishment, we won the cup.
1	Much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | we | the cup |  |  |  | much our astonishment | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cup=Eventuality |
| 2 | **astonish** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom astonishment «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her eyes widened in astonishment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishment:x5:1
# text = Her eyes widened in astonishment.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	widened	widen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **widen** | past | Her eyes |  |  | astonishment |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He shook his head in astonishment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishment:x6:1
# text = He shook his head in astonishment.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past | He | his head |  | astonishment |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent head=Theme in astonishment=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grand-vizir was filled with astonishment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astonishment:x7:1
# text = The grand-vizir was filled with astonishment.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	grand	grand	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	vizir	vizir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past · passive |  | the grand vizir |  |  |  | with astonishment | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with astonishment=Instrument |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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