---
title: astronomy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «astronomy» in the school dictionary: The science that studies the stars, planets, moons, comets, galaxies and everything else in space. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# astronomy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** science, Astronomy, I, Galileo, sailors, big sister · **What happens:** study, be, join, see, make, help · **To what, where:** stars, study, astronomy club, rings, important discoveries, astronomy

<!-- .vabout -->
«astronomy» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [astronomy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/astronomy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The science that studies the stars, planets, moons, comets, galaxies and everything else in space.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astronomy:m1:1
# text = The science that studies the stars, planets, moons, comets, galaxies and everything else in space.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	planets	planet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	moons	moon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	comets	comet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	conj	_	_
17	else	else	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | the science | the stars and planets and moons and comets and galaxies |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent star=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Astronomy is the study of space.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astronomy:x1:1
# text = Astronomy is the study of space.
1	Astronomy	astronomy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Astronomy | the study |  |  |  | of space | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I joined the astronomy club and saw Saturn's rings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astronomy:x2:1
# text = I joined the astronomy club and saw Saturn's rings.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	joined	join	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	astronomy	astronomy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	Saturn	Saturn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | past | I | the astronomy club |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent club=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | past | I *not said here* | Saturn's rings |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ring=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Galileo made important discoveries in astronomy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astronomy:x3:1
# text = Galileo made important discoveries in astronomy.
1	Galileo	Galileo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	discoveries	discovery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	astronomy	astronomy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Galileo | important discoveries |  | astronomy |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent discovery=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Astronomy helped sailors find their way by the stars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astronomy:x4:1
# text = Astronomy helped sailors find their way by the stars.
1	Astronomy	astronomy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Astronomy | sailors |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent sailor=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | infinitive | sailors *not said here* | sailors's way |  |  |  | by the stars | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My big sister wants to study astronomy at university.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astronomy:x5:1
# text = My big sister wants to study astronomy at university.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	astronomy	astronomy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	university	university	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | My big sister |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **study** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | My big sister *not said here* | astronomy |  | university |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent astronomy=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Astronomy uses lots of very big numbers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astronomy:x6:1
# text = Astronomy uses lots of very big numbers.
1	Astronomy	astronomy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Astronomy | lots of big numbers |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
URANIA, the muse of Astronomy, stands erect, and bears in her left hand a celestial globe.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:astronomy:x7:1
# text = URANIA, the muse of Astronomy, stands erect, and bears in her left hand a celestial globe.
1	URANIA	URANIA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	muse	muse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Astronomy	Astronomy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	erect	erect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	left	left	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	celestial	celestial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	globe	globe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | URANIA | bears in URANIA's left hand |  |  |  | erect *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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