---
title: athenian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «athenian» in the school dictionary: Belonging to or coming from Athens, the capital city of Greece, especially ancient Athens. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# athenian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, Athenians, Athenian democracy, citizens, Women, Socrates · **What happens:** belong, come, live, build, call, let · **To what, where:** Athens, ancient Athens, Parthenon, hill, laws, Athenian assembly · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«athenian» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [athenian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/athenian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Belonging to or coming from Athens, the capital city of Greece, especially ancient Athens.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:athenian:m1:1
# text = Belonging to or coming from Athens, the capital city of Greece, especially ancient Athens.
1	Belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	capital	capital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Greece	Greece	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | gerund |  |  |  | Athens |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from athens=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who lived in ancient Athens or lives in Athens today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:athenian:m2:1
# text = A person who lived in ancient Athens or lives in Athens today.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
9	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | a person |  |  | ancient Athens |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in athens=Location |
| 2 | **live** | present | a person |  |  | Athens | today |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in athens=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Athenians built the Parthenon on a hill called the Acropolis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:athenian:x1:1
# text = The Athenians built the Parthenon on a hill called the Acropolis.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Athenians	Athenian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Parthenon	Parthenon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Acropolis	Acropolis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the Athenians | the Parthenon |  | a hill |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent parthenon=Theme on hill=Source |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a hill *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Athenian democracy let some citizens vote on laws.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:athenian:x2:1
# text = Athenian democracy let some citizens vote on laws.
1	Athenian	Athenian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	democracy	democracy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	vote	vote	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	xcomp	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | infinitive | Athenian democracy |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **vote** | present | some citizens |  |  | laws |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Women and slaves could not vote in the Athenian assembly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:athenian:x3:1
# text = Women and slaves could not vote in the Athenian assembly.
1	Women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	slaves	slave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	vote	vote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Athenian	Athenian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	assembly	assembly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **vote** | could | Women and slaves |  |  | the Athenian assembly |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Socrates was a famous Athenian thinker.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:athenian:x4:1
# text = Socrates was a famous Athenian thinker.
1	Socrates	socrates	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Athenian	Athenian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	thinker	thinker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Socrates | a famous Athenian thinker |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Athenian navy fought the Persians at Salamis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:athenian:x5:1
# text = The Athenian navy fought the Persians at Salamis.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Athenian	Athenian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	navy	navy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Persians	Persian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Salamis	salami	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | the Athenian navy | the Persians |  | Salamis |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent persian=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We compared Athenian and Spartan children in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:athenian:x6:1
# text = We compared Athenian and Spartan children in class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	compared	compare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Athenian	Athenian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	Spartan	spartan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | past | We | Athenian and Spartan children |  | class |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent athenian=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An Athenian boy went to school to learn reading, music and sport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:athenian:x7:1
# text = An Athenian boy went to school to learn reading, music and sport.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Athenian	Athenian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | a Athenian boy |  |  | school |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive | a Athenian boy *not said here* | reading and music and sport |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reading=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Daedalus, a descendant of Erechtheus, was an Athenian architect, sculptor, and mechanician.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:athenian:x8:1
# text = Daedalus, a descendant of Erechtheus, was an Athenian architect, sculptor, and mechanician.
1	Daedalus	Daedalus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	descendant	descendant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Erechtheus	Erechtheus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Athenian	Athenian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	architect	architect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	sculptor	sculptor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	mechanician	mechanician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Daedalus | a Athenian architect and sculptor and mechanician |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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