---
title: attachment — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «attachment» in the school dictionary: A file sent with an email. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# attachment

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** extra part, I, my, you, puppy, vacuum · **What happens:** send, fix, project, not know, form, have · **To what, where:** file, machine, project, people, strong attachment, boy

<!-- .vabout -->
«attachment» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [attachment in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/attachment.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A file sent with an email.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:attachment:m1:1
# text = A file sent with an email.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | participle |  | a file *not said here* |  |  |  | with a email | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A feeling of love or closeness to someone or something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:attachment:m2:1
# text = A feeling of love or closeness to someone or something.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	closeness	closeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An extra part you can fix onto a machine, like a vacuum cleaner attachment.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:attachment:m3:1
# text = An extra part you can fix onto a machine, like a vacuum cleaner attachment.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	fix	fix	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	vacuum	vacuum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	cleaner	cleaner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	attachment	attachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | can | a extra part |  |  | a machine |  | like a cleaner attachment | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I sent my project as an attachment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:attachment:x1:1
# text = I sent my project as an attachment.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	attachment	attachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | I | my project |  |  |  | as a attachment | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent project=Theme |
| 2 | **project** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never open attachments from people you don't know.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:attachment:x2:1
# text = Never open attachments from people you don't know.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	attachments	attachment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **know** | present · do-support | you | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy formed a strong attachment to the boy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:attachment:x3:1
# text = The puppy formed a strong attachment to the boy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	formed	form	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	attachment	attachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | past | the puppy | a strong attachment | the boy |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent attachment=Theme to boy=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vacuum has an attachment for corners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:attachment:x4:1
# text = The vacuum has an attachment for corners.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vacuum	vacuum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	attachment	attachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	corners	corner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the vacuum | a attachment |  |  |  | for corners | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attachment=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The attachment was too big to send.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:attachment:x5:1
# text = The attachment was too big to send.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	attachment	attachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the attachment |  |  |  |  | big *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | to-infinitive | the attachment *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Children feel attachment to their favourite toys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:attachment:x6:1
# text = Children feel attachment to their favourite toys.
1	Children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	attachment	attachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | Children | attachment |  |  |  | to Children's favourite toys | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attachment=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her twin-sons, Castor and (Polydeuces or) Pollux,\[15\] were {34} renowned for their tender attachment to each other.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:attachment:x7:1
# text = Her twin-sons, Castor and (Polydeuces or) Pollux,[15] were {34} renowned for their tender attachment to each other.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	twin	twin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Castor	castor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Polydeuces	polydeuce	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
12	Pollux	pollux	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	{	{	SYM	SYM	_	19	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	34	34	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	}	}	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
21	renowned	renown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
24	tender	tender	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	attachment	attachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	25	nmod	_	_
28	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Her twin sons and Castor and Polydeuces or Pollux | 34 } |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **renown** | participle |  | 34 } *not said here* |  |  |  | for sons's tender attachment to each | tree rules |
| 3 | **attach** |  | sons *= son* |  |  |  |  |  | nom attachment «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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