---
title: au — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «au» in the school dictionary: «Au» means «to the», «at the» or «in the» before a masculine word: «au parc» is «to the park», «au revoir» is «goodbye». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# au

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Au, au parc, park, web addresses, French, Au revoir · **What happens:** mean, be, end, sound, vai, go · **To what, where:** the, goodbye, chemical symbol, au, English ear, au parc · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«au» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [au in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/au.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Au» means «to the», «at the» or «in the» before a masculine word: «au parc» is «to the park», «au revoir» is «goodbye».

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:au:m1:1
# text = «Au» means «to the», «at the» or «in the» before a masculine word: «au parc» is «to the park», «au revoir» is «goodbye».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	reparandum	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
19	before	before	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	masculine	masculine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	parc	parc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
29	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	revoir	revoir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	37	punct	_	_
39	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	cop	_	_
40	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Au | the |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent the=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | au parc |  |  |  |  | to the park and au revoir | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the park and au revoir | goodbye |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Au» is the chemical symbol for gold, from the Latin word «aurum».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:au:m2:1
# text = «Au» is the chemical symbol for gold, from the Latin word «aurum».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	symbol	symbol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	aurum	aurum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Au | the chemical symbol |  |  |  | for gold | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«AU» is short for Australia (as in web addresses ending .au) and, in space science, for an astronomical unit, the distance from the Earth to the Sun. To an English ear French «au» sounds like «oh».

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:au:m3:1
# text = «AU» is short for Australia (as in web addresses ending .au) and, in space science, for an astronomical unit, the distance from the Earth to the Sun. To an English ear French «au» sounds like «oh».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	AU	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	web	web	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	addresses	address	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	_
13	ending	end	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	astronomical	astronomical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	unit	unit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
30	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
36	To	to	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
40	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	_
41	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	42	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	42	punct	_	_
44	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	acl:relcl	_	_
45	like	like	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	44	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | AU |  |  |  |  | for Australia; short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **end** | gerund | web addresses *not said here* | au |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sound** | present | French | a English ear *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ear=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Au revoir!» means «goodbye!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:au:x1:1
# text = «Au revoir!» means «goodbye!»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	revoir	revoir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Au revoir | goodbye |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goodbye=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Je vais au parc» means «I'm going to the park».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:au:x2:1
# text = «Je vais au parc» means «I'm going to the park».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Je	Je	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	3	nsubj	_	_
3	vais	vai	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	csubj	_	_
4	au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	parc	parc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vai** *in a quote* | present | Je | au parc |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** *in a quote* | present · progressive | I |  |  | the park |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to park=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our au pair comes from Spain and walks us to school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:au:x3:1
# text = Our au pair comes from Spain and walks us to school.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	walks	walk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Our au pair |  |  | Spain |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from spain=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **walk** | present | Our au pair *not said here* | us |  | school |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent we=Theme to school=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the periodic table, Au stands for gold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:au:x4:1
# text = On the periodic table, Au stands for gold.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	periodic	periodic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Au	Au	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | Au |  |  | the periodic table |  | for gold | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on table=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A café au lait is coffee with milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:au:x5:1
# text = A café au lait is coffee with milk.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	café	café	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	lait	lait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a au lait | coffee |  |  |  | with milk | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
French «au» sounds like «oh».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:au:x6:1
# text = French «au» sounds like «oh».
1	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | present | French |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Australian websites often end in «.au».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:au:x7:1
# text = Australian websites often end in «.au».
1	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	websites	website	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	end	end	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	au	au	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | present | Australian websites |  |  | au |  | often *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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