---
title: audacity — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «audacity» in the school dictionary: Audacity is boldness, daring to do something that other people would not dare to do. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# audacity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Audacity boldness, other people, Audacity, She, I, It · **What happens:** be, dare, do, not dare, not do, mean · **To what, where:** Audacity boldness, something, rudeness, respect, audacity, giant

<!-- .vabout -->
«audacity» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [audacity in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/audacity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Audacity is boldness, daring to do something that other people would not dare to do.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:audacity:m1:1
# text = Audacity is boldness, daring to do something that other people would not dare to do.
1	Audacity	audacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	boldness	boldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	daring	dare	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obj	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	dare	dare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl:relcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Audacity boldness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dare** | gerund | Audacity boldness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive | Audacity boldness *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 4 | **not** **dare** | would | other people |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent that=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **not** **do** | to-infinitive | other people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Audacity can also mean rudeness, a shocking lack of respect.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:audacity:m2:1
# text = Audacity can also mean rudeness, a shocking lack of respect.
1	Audacity	audacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	rudeness	rudeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	shocking	shocking	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Audacity | rudeness |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rudeness=Topic |
| 2 | **lack** |  |  | respect |  |  |  |  | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had the audacity to ask for more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:audacity:x1:1
# text = She had the audacity to ask for more.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	audacity	audacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | She | the audacity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive | the audacity *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for more | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I could not believe his audacity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:audacity:x2:1
# text = I could not believe his audacity.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	audacity	audacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **believe** | could | I | his audacity |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer audacity=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It took audacity to challenge the giant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:audacity:x3:1
# text = It took audacity to challenge the giant.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	audacity	audacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	challenge	challenge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | It | audacity |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent audacity=Theme |
| 2 | **challenge** | to-infinitive |  | the giant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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