---
title: aurora — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «aurora» in the school dictionary: An aurora is a display of moving, coloured light (often green, pink or purple) in the night sky near the North or South Pole. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/aurora/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/) / aurora

# aurora

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** aurora, display, name, We, you, particles · **What happens:** be, move, see, sleep, watch, call · **To what, where:** display, night sky, aurora borealis, north, name, Beauty · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«aurora» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [aurora in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/aurora.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An aurora is a display of moving, coloured light (often green, pink or purple) in the night sky near the North or South Pole.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aurora:m1:1
# text = An aurora is a display of moving, coloured light (often green, pink or purple) in the night sky near the North or South Pole.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aurora	aurora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	display	display	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	often	often	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	purple	purple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
23	near	near	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
25	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
28	Pole	Pole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a aurora | a display |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | gerund | a display *not said here* |  |  | the night sky |  | near the North Pole | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in sky=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The aurora borealis (northern lights) is seen in the north; the aurora australis (southern lights) in the south.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aurora:m2:1
# text = The aurora borealis (northern lights) is seen in the north; the aurora australis (southern lights) in the south.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	aurora	aurora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	borealis	borealis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	aurora	aurora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	australis	australis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present · passive |  | the aurora borealis |  | the north |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aurora is a girl's name (a name), the Roman goddess of the dawn, and the name of Sleeping Beauty in the Disney film.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aurora:m3:1
# text = Aurora is a girl's name (a name), the Roman goddess of the dawn, and the name of Sleeping Beauty in the Disney film.
1	Aurora	Aurora	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	goddess	goddess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
22	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	Sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	acl	_	_
24	Beauty	Beauty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	Disney	Disney	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Aurora | a girl's name and the Roman goddess of the dawn and the name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sleep** | gerund | the name *not said here* | Beauty |  | the Disney film |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent beauty=Value in film=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched the green aurora dance across the sky in Norway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aurora:x1:1
# text = We watched the green aurora dance across the sky in Norway.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	aurora	aurora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Norway	Norway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | the green aurora dance |  | the sky |  | in Norway | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dance=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The aurora borealis is also called the northern lights.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aurora:x2:1
# text = The aurora borealis is also called the northern lights.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	aurora	aurora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	borealis	borealis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the aurora borealis |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Tasmania you can sometimes see the aurora australis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aurora:x3:1
# text = In Tasmania you can sometimes see the aurora australis.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Tasmania	Tasmania	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	aurora	aurora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	australis	australis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can | you | the aurora australis |  | Tasmania |  | sometimes *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer australis=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An aurora happens when particles from the Sun hit our atmosphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aurora:x4:1
# text = An aurora happens when particles from the Sun hit our atmosphere.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aurora	aurora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
5	particles	particle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | a aurora |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hit** | past | particles from the Sun | our atmosphere |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme atmosphere=Co-Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Last night the aurora was visible even in Scotland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aurora:x5:1
# text = Last night the aurora was visible even in Scotland.
1	Last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	aurora	aurora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	even	even	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Last night |  |  |  |  | visible *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aurora is the Roman goddess of the dawn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aurora:x6:1
# text = Aurora is the Roman goddess of the dawn.
1	Aurora	Aurora	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	goddess	goddess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Aurora | the Roman goddess |  |  | dawn |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Princess Aurora is the heroine of «Sleeping Beauty».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aurora:x7:1
# text = Princess Aurora is the heroine of «Sleeping Beauty».
1	Princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Aurora	Aurora	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	heroine	heroine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	acl	_	_
9	Beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Princess | the heroine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sleep** *in a quote* | gerund | the heroine *not said here* | Beauty |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beauty=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She stood on the balcony and shone as the Aurora Borealis shines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aurora:x8:1
# text = She stood on the balcony and shone as the Aurora Borealis shines.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	balcony	balcony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	Aurora	Aurora	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Borealis	Borealis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	shines	shine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | She |  |  | the balcony |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on balcony=Location |
| 2 | **shine** | participle | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as the Borealis shines | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [aurochs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/aurochs/)
- next →: [auscultate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/auscultate/)
- ↑ back to [A in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/)