---
title: australian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «australian» in the school dictionary: Australian means from or belonging to Australia, its people or its language. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# australian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Australian, Kangaroos, friend, Australians, Australian English, Australian flag · **What happens:** mean, belong, be, come, celebrate, say · **To what, where:** people, Australia, Australian person, Australian animals, Perth, Christmas · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«australian» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [australian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/australian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Australian means from or belonging to Australia, its people or its language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:australian:m1:1
# text = Australian means from or belonging to Australia, its people or its language.
1	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Australian |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **belong** | gerund |  | its people or its language | Australia |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An Australian is a person from Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:australian:m2:1
# text = An Australian is a person from Australia.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a Australian person |  | Australia |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kangaroos are Australian animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:australian:x1:1
# text = Kangaroos are Australian animals.
1	Kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Kangaroos | Australian animals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend is Australian; she comes from Perth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:australian:x2:1
# text = My friend is Australian; she comes from Perth.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Perth	Perth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My friend |  |  |  |  | australian *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | present | friend |  |  | Perth |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from perth=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Australians celebrate Christmas in summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:australian:x3:1
# text = Australians celebrate Christmas in summer.
1	Australians	Australian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	celebrate	celebrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **celebrate** | present | Australians | Christmas |  |  | summer |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent christmas=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Australian English says "arvo" for afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:australian:x4:1
# text = Australian English says "arvo" for afternoon.
1	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	arvo	arvo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Australian English | arvo |  |  | afternoon |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent arvo=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Australian flag has the Southern Cross on it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:australian:x5:1
# text = The Australian flag has the Southern Cross on it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Southern	Southern	PROPN	NNP	_	7	flat	_	_
7	Cross	Cross	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Australian flag | the Southern Cross |  | Cross |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cross=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Australian animals are marsupials.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:australian:x6:1
# text = Many Australian animals are marsupials.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	marsupials	marsupial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Many Australian animals | marsupials |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aboriginal Australians have lived there for tens of thousands of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:australian:x7:1
# text = Aboriginal Australians have lived there for tens of thousands of years.
1	Aboriginal	aboriginal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Australians	Australian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	lived	live	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	tens	ten	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present · perfect | Aboriginal Australians |  |  | there |  | for tens of thousands of years | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An Australian swimmer won the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:australian:x8:1
# text = An Australian swimmer won the race.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | a Australian swimmer | the race |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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