---
title: authorise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «authorise» in the school dictionary: To give official permission for something to happen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# authorise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** head teacher, Dad, authorised people, council, Missing school, She · **What happens:** give, happen, do, authorise, enter, be · **To what, where:** official permission, power, someone, something, payment, phone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«authorise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [authorise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/authorise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To give official permission for something to happen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:authorise:m1:1
# text = To give official permission for something to happen.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | official permission |  |  |  | for something | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent permission=Theme for something=Asset |
| 2 | **happen** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To give someone the power or right to do something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:authorise:m2:1
# text = To give someone the power or right to do something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | the power | someone |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient power=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The head teacher must authorise any day off school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:authorise:x1:1
# text = The head teacher must authorise any day off school.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	authorise	authorise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **authorise** | must | the head teacher |  |  |  | day | off school | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad authorised the payment on his phone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:authorise:x2:1
# text = Dad authorised the payment on his phone.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	authorised	authorise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	payment	payment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **authorise** | past | Dad | the payment |  | Dad's phone |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only authorised people may enter the lab.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:authorise:x3:1
# text = Only authorised people may enter the lab.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	authorised	authorised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	enter	enter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lab	lab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | may | authorised people | the lab |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lab=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The council authorised the new bike lanes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:authorise:x4:1
# text = The council authorised the new bike lanes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	authorised	authorise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	lanes	lane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **authorise** | past | the council | the new bike lanes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Missing school without a reason is an unauthorised absence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:authorise:x5:1
# text = Missing school without a reason is an unauthorised absence.
1	Missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	unauthorised	unauthorised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Missing school without a reason | a unauthorised absence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was authorised to speak for the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:authorise:x6:1
# text = She was authorised to speak for the class.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	authorised	authorised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | authorised *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the class | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who authorised this purchase?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:authorise:x7:1
# text = Who authorised this purchase?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	authorised	authorise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	purchase	purchase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **authorise** | past |  | this purchase |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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