---
title: auto — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «auto» in the school dictionary: An auto is a car (mainly American, a bit old-fashioned): «auto repair shop». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# auto

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** auto, machine, Dad, auto industry, you, lights · **What happens:** be, do, set, auto, mean, start · **To what, where:** car, something, camera, self, word, repair shop · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«auto» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [auto in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/auto.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An auto is a car (mainly American, a bit old-fashioned): «auto repair shop».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:auto:m1:1
# text = An auto is a car (mainly American, a bit old-fashioned): «auto repair shop».
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	auto	auto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	auto	auto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
19	repair	repair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a auto | a car |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Auto is short for «automatic» or «automatic mode», a setting where a machine does something by itself: «Set the camera to auto.».

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:auto:m2:1
# text = Auto is short for «automatic» or «automatic mode», a setting where a machine does something by itself: «Set the camera to auto.».
1	Auto	Auto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	automatic	automatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	automatic	automatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	mode	mode	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	setting	setting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
16	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	19	advmod	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	19	obj	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Set	set	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	auto	auto	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Auto |  |  |  |  | for automatic or automatic mode; short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present | a machine | something |  |  |  | by machine | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **set** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the camera |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **auto** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Auto- at the start of a word means «self» or «by itself»: autograph, autopilot, automobile, autobiography.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:auto:m3:1
# text = Auto- at the start of a word means «self» or «by itself»: autograph, autopilot, automobile, autobiography.
1	Auto	Auto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
19	autograph	autograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	autopilot	autopilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	automobile	automobile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	autobiography	autobiography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Auto | self |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent self=Topic |
| 2 | **start** |  |  | a word |  |  |  |  | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad took the car to the auto repair shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:auto:x1:1
# text = Dad took the car to the auto repair shop.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	auto	auto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	repair	repair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Dad | the car |  | the repair shop |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent car=Theme to shop=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The auto industry makes millions of cars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:auto:x2:1
# text = The auto industry makes millions of cars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	auto	auto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	industry	industry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the auto industry | millions of cars |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset million=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Set the lights to auto and they turn on at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:auto:x3:1
# text = Set the lights to auto and they turn on at night.
1	Set	set	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	auto	auto	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | imperative | you *not said here* | the lights |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient light=Result |
| 2 | **auto** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **turn on** | present | lights *= light* |  |  |  | night |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The video started on autoplay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:auto:x4:1
# text = The video started on autoplay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	autoplay	autoplay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | the video |  |  | autoplay |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Autocorrect changed my word by mistake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:auto:x5:1
# text = Autocorrect changed my word by mistake.
1	Autocorrect	Autocorrect	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | Autocorrect | my word |  |  |  | by mistake | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |
| 2 | **word** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An autograph is a famous person's own signature.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:auto:x6:1
# text = An autograph is a famous person's own signature.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	autograph	autograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	signature	signature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a autograph | a famous person's own signature |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An autobiography is a story of your life that you write yourself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:auto:x7:1
# text = An autobiography is a story of your life that you write yourself.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	autobiography	autobiography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	write	write	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl	_	_
12	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a autobiography | a story |  |  |  | of your life | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | present | you | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot switched on the autopilot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:auto:x8:1
# text = The pilot switched on the autopilot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	switched	switch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	autopilot	autopilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **switch** | participle |  | the pilot *not said here* |  | the autopilot |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the lapse of time the theory of Autochthony (from autos, self, and chthon, earth) was laid aside.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:auto:x9:1
# text = After the lapse of time the theory of Autochthony (from autos, self, and chthon, earth) was laid aside.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lapse	lapse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Autochthony	Autochthony	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	autos	auto	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	chthon	chthon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
23	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | past · passive |  | the theory of Autochthony |  |  | after the lapse; time | aside *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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