---
title: automation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «automation» in the school dictionary: Using machines and computers to do work by themselves, without people doing each step. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# automation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, machines, Automation, robots, car wash, nobody · **What happens:** use, work, do, mean, build, scrub · **To what, where:** machines, step, work, cars, factory, automation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«automation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [automation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/automation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using machines and computers to do work by themselves, without people doing each step.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:automation:m1:1
# text = Using machines and computers to do work by themselves, without people doing each step.
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	computers	computer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
13	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | machines and computers |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent machine=Patient |
| 2 | **work** | to-infinitive · do-support |  |  |  |  |  | by computers *= computer*; without people | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **do** | gerund | people *not said here* | each step |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The system or machines that do this work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:automation:m2:1
# text = The system or machines that do this work.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | machines | this work |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Automation means robots can build cars in a factory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:automation:x1:1
# text = Automation means robots can build cars in a factory.
1	Automation	automation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	robots	robot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Automation |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **build** | can | robots | cars |  | a factory |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset car=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car wash uses automation, so nobody scrubs the cars by hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:automation:x2:1
# text = The car wash uses automation, so nobody scrubs the cars by hand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	wash	wash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	automation	automation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	9	nsubj	_	_
9	scrubs	scrub	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | the car wash | automation |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent automation=Patient |
| 2 | **scrub** | present | nobody | the cars |  |  |  | by hand | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent car=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some jobs disappeared because of automation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:automation:x3:1
# text = Some jobs disappeared because of automation.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	disappeared	disappear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	automation	automation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disappear** | past | some jobs |  |  |  |  | because automation | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Home automation can switch the lights on when you come in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:automation:x4:1
# text = Home automation can switch the lights on when you come in.
1	Home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	automation	automation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	switch	switch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **switch on** | can | Home automation | the lights |  |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient |
| 2 | **come in** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our coding club learned about automation with a simple program.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:automation:x5:1
# text = Our coding club learned about automation with a simple program.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	coding	coding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	automation	automation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | Our coding club |  |  |  |  | about automation; with a simple program | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about automation=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Automation makes the work faster but needs people to fix the machines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:automation:x6:1
# text = Automation makes the work faster but needs people to fix the machines.
1	Automation	automation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	fix	fix	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Automation | the work |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset work=Product |
| 2 | **need** | present | Automation *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fix** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | the machines |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent machine=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad says automation at the supermarket means fewer cashiers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:automation:x7:1
# text = Dad says automation at the supermarket means fewer cashiers.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	automation	automation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	supermarket	supermarket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
8	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	cashiers	cashier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | present | automation at the supermarket | fewer cashiers |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cashier=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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