---
title: autumnal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «autumnal» in the school dictionary: About autumn, or typical of autumn, like falling leaves, cool air and orange colours. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# autumnal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** trees, autumnal chill, autumnal equinox, We, autumnal mist, jumper · **What happens:** fall, be, have, write, cover · **To what, where:** autumnal poems, field, warm autumnal orange

<!-- .vabout -->
«autumnal» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [autumnal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/autumnal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
About autumn, or typical of autumn, like falling leaves, cool air and orange colours.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:autumnal:m1:1
# text = About autumn, or typical of autumn, like falling leaves, cool air and orange colours.
1	About	about	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	typical	typical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	amod	_	_
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trees were full of autumnal colours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:autumnal:x1:1
# text = The trees were full of autumnal colours.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	autumnal	autumnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the trees |  |  |  |  | of autumnal colours; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was an autumnal chill in the air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:autumnal:x2:1
# text = There was an autumnal chill in the air.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	autumnal	autumnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	chill	chill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a autumnal chill in the air |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The autumnal equinox has equal day and night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:autumnal:x3:1
# text = The autumnal equinox has equal day and night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	autumnal	autumnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	equinox	equinox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the autumnal equinox |  |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote autumnal poems about leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:autumnal:x4:1
# text = We wrote autumnal poems about leaves.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	autumnal	autumnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	poems	poem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | autumnal poems |  |  |  | about leaves | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent poem=Recipient about leaf=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An autumnal mist covered the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:autumnal:x5:1
# text = An autumnal mist covered the field.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	autumnal	autumnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	mist	mist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past | a autumnal mist | the field |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme field=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her jumper was a warm autumnal orange.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:autumnal:x6:1
# text = Her jumper was a warm autumnal orange.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	autumnal	autumnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	orange	orange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Her jumper | a warm autumnal orange |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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