---
title: aver — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «aver» in the school dictionary: To aver is to say something firmly, as if it were certainly true. This is an old or formal word. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/aver/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/) / aver

# aver

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, This, one, one man, Editor · **What happens:** aver, be, run, not invent · **To what, where:** old word, Caelte, stories · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«aver» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [aver in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/aver.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To aver is to say something firmly, as if it were certainly true. This is an old or formal word.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* To aver is to say something firmly, as if it were certainly true.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aver:m1:1
# text = To aver is to say something firmly, as if it were certainly true.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	aver	aver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **aver** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  | firmly, say *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | it |  |  |  |  | certainly, true *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* This is an old or formal word.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aver:m1:2
# text = This is an old or formal word.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | a old word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«There is no one can run like Caelte,» one man averred.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aver:x1:1
# text = «There is no one can run like Caelte,» one man averred.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Caelte	Caelte	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	averred	aver	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  | there |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** *in a quote* | can | no one |  |  |  |  | like Caelte | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **aver** | participle | one man | Caelte *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Editor still avers that he did not invent the stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aver:x2:1
# text = The Editor still avers that he did not invent the stories.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Editor	editor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	avers	aver	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	invent	invent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **aver** | present | the Editor |  |  |  | still |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **invent** | past · do-support | Editor | the stories |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [avenue](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/avenue/)
- next →: [average](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/average/)
- ↑ back to [A in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/)