---
title: axis — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «axis» in the school dictionary: An axis is an imaginary straight line that something spins around, like the Earth's axis. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# axis

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** axis, something, x axis, y axis, line, Earth · **What happens:** be, spin around, go, go up, cut, match · **To what, where:** imaginary straight line, one, maths, line, shape, two matching halves

<!-- .vabout -->
«axis» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [axis in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/axis.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An axis is an imaginary straight line that something spins around, like the Earth's axis.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axis:m1:1
# text = An axis is an imaginary straight line that something spins around, like the Earth's axis.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	imaginary	imaginary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
10	spins	spin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
11	around	around	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a axis | a imaginary straight line |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spin around** | present | something |  |  |  |  | like the Earth's axis; around *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In maths, an axis is one of the main lines on a graph, the x-axis going across and the y-axis going up.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axis:m2:1
# text = In maths, an axis is one of the main lines on a graph, the x-axis going across and the y-axis going up.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	x	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
20	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	acl	_	_
21	across	across	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	y	y	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
27	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	acl	_	_
28	up	up	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a axis | one |  | maths |  | of the main lines on a graph and the y axis | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | the x axis *not said here* |  |  |  |  | across *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go up** | gerund | the y axis *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An axis of symmetry is a line that cuts a shape into two matching halves.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axis:m3:1
# text = An axis of symmetry is a line that cuts a shape into two matching halves.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	symmetry	symmetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	cuts	cut	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
14	matching	match	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	halves	half	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a axis of symmetry | a line |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | present | a line | a shape |  | two matching halves |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent shape=Material into half=Product |
| 3 | **match** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axis:x1:1
# text = The Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spins	spin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	9	advmod	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	24	24	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spin** | present | the Earth |  |  | Earth's axis | hour |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on axis=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth's axis is tilted, which gives us seasons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axis:x2:1
# text = The Earth's axis is tilted, which gives us seasons.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	tilted	tilt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	iobj	_	_
11	seasons	season	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tilt** | present · passive |  | the Earth's axis |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | present |  |  | us |  | season |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Label the x-axis «days» and the y-axis «temperature».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axis:x3:1
# text = Label the x-axis «days» and the y-axis «temperature».
1	Label	label	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	x	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
11	y	y	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **label** | imperative | you *not said here* | the x axis |  |  | day |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent axis=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The point (3, 5) is 3 along the x-axis and 5 up.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axis:x4:1
# text = The point (3, 5) is 3 along the x-axis and 5 up.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
10	along	along	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	x	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the point | 3 |  |  |  | along the x axis and 5 up | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A square has four axes of symmetry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axis:x5:1
# text = A square has four axes of symmetry.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	axes	ax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	symmetry	symmetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a square | four axes of symmetry |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ax=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw the axis of symmetry on the butterfly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axis:x6:1
# text = Draw the axis of symmetry on the butterfly.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	symmetry	symmetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | the axis of symmetry |  |  |  | on the butterfly | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent axis=Theme on butterfly=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bar chart's vertical axis goes up in fives.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axis:x7:1
# text = The bar chart's vertical axis goes up in fives.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chart	chart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	vertical	vertical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	fives	fives	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | present | the bar chart's vertical axis |  |  |  |  | in fives | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in fives=Attribute |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spinning top turns around its axis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axis:x8:1
# text = A spinning top turns around its axis.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	spinning	spin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	around	around	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | present | a spinning top |  |  | top's axis |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme around axis=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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