---
title: axle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «axle» in the school dictionary: An axle is a rod or bar that goes through the centre of a wheel, or joins two wheels, so the wheels can turn. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# axle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** axle, bar, wheels, wheel, We, cart · **What happens:** be, go, join, turn, use, make · **To what, where:** bar, centre, two wheels, simple machine, straw, axle

<!-- .vabout -->
«axle» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [axle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/axle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An axle is a rod or bar that goes through the centre of a wheel, or joins two wheels, so the wheels can turn.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axle:m1:1
# text = An axle is a rod or bar that goes through the centre of a wheel, or joins two wheels, so the wheels can turn.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	axle	axle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rod	rod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
19	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	so	so	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
25	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a axle | bar |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | bar |  |  | the centre of a wheel |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through centre=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **join** | present | bar *not said here* | two wheels |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheel=Patient |
| 4 | **turn** | can | the wheels |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wheels of the toy car turn on a thin metal axle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axle:x1:1
# text = The wheels of the toy car turn on a thin metal axle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	axle	axle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wheel and axle is a simple machine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axle:x2:1
# text = A wheel and axle is a simple machine.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	axle	axle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a wheel and axle | a simple machine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We used a straw and a skewer to make an axle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axle:x3:1
# text = We used a straw and a skewer to make an axle.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	skewer	skewer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	axle	axle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | We | a straw and a skewer |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent straw=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | a axle |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset axle=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cart broke because its wooden axle snapped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axle:x4:1
# text = The cart broke because its wooden axle snapped.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	axle	axle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	snapped	snap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | the cart |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **snap** | past | cart's wooden axle |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A car has a front axle and a rear axle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axle:x5:1
# text = A car has a front axle and a rear axle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	front	front	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	axle	axle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	rear	rear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	axle	axle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a car | a front axle and a rear axle |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axle=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oil the axle so the wheels turn smoothly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:axle:x6:1
# text = Oil the axle so the wheels turn smoothly.
1	Oil	oil	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	axle	axle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	smoothly	smoothly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **oil** | imperative | you *not said here* | the axle |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent axle=Destination |
| 2 | **turn** | present | the wheels |  |  |  |  | smoothly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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