---
title: back — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «back» in the school dictionary: The back is the part that is last or farthest from the front: the back of the line. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/back/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [B](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/) / back

# back

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** back, part, adverb, someone, I, they · **What happens:** be, mean, come back, give back, back, support · **To what, where:** part, neck, adverb, someone, them, player · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«back» in the school dictionary: its 9 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [back in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/back.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The back is the part that is last or farthest from the front: the back of the line.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:m1:1
# text = The back is the part that is last or farthest from the front: the back of the line.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	farthest	far	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	obl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the back | the part and the back of the line |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the part and the back of the line |  |  |  |  | farthest from the front *obl*; last *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your back is the part of your body from your neck to your bottom.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:m2:1
# text = Your back is the part of your body from your neck to your bottom.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your back | the part |  | your neck to your bottom |  | of your body | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Back as an adverb means to where someone or something was before: «come back», «give it back».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:m3:1
# text = Back as an adverb means to where someone or something was before: «come back», «give it back».
1	Back	back	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	adverb	adverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	12	advmod	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	nsubj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	conj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	before	before	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	back	back	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	parataxis	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	back	back	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a adverb |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | someone |  |  |  |  | before *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **come back** *in a quote* | infinitive | a adverb *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **give back** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | adverb |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To back someone is to help or support them; to back up is to move backwards.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:m4:1
# text = To back someone is to help or support them; to back up is to move backwards.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	back	back	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	support	support	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	back	back	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
17	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **back** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | help *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **support** | infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 4 | **back up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | backwards, move *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Back means earlier in time: «three years back», «back then».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:m5:1
# text = Back means earlier in time: «three years back», «back then».
1	Back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	parataxis	_	_
15	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Back |  |  |  | time | early *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In football and rugby a back is a player near your own goal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:m6:1
# text = In football and rugby a back is a player near your own goal.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	near	near	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a back | a player |  | football and rugby |  | near your own goal | tree rules |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Got your back» means I'll protect you; «back in a sec» means I'll return soon.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:m7:1
# text = «Got your back» means I'll protect you; «back in a sec» means I'll return soon.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	nsubj	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	back	back	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sec	sec	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	ccomp	_	_
22	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** *in a quote* | past |  | your back |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer back=Stimulus |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **protect** | future | I |  | you |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | a sec |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **return** | future | I |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 8 {#m8}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Back off!», «get off my back!» mean stop bothering me; «talk behind someone's back» is gossip they do not hear.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:m8:1
# text = «Back off!», «get off my back!» mean stop bothering me; «talk behind someone's back» is gossip they do not hear.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	off	off	ADV	RB	_	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	off	off	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
14	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	ccomp	_	_
16	bothering	bother	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	_
17	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
21	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	24	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	's	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	gossip	gossip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	parataxis	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
29	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	31	advmod	_	_
31	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get off** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | my back |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer back=Stimulus |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stop** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **bother** | gerund |  | me |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is a** | present |  | talk gossip |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **not** **hear** | present · do-support | they | talk gossip *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer gossip=Stimulus |

## Meaning 9 {#m9}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exams say «return», «reimburse», «refund», «the rear» and «previously».

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:m9:1
# text = Exams say «return», «reimburse», «refund», «the rear» and «previously».
1	Exams	exam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	reimburse	reimburse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	refund	refund	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	rear	rear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Exams | return |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reimburse** *in a quote* | infinitive | Exams *not said here* | refund |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refund=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Anna is the 6th from the front and the 11th from the back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x1:1
# text = Anna is the 6th from the front and the 11th from the back.
1	Anna	Anna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	6th	6th	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	11th	11th	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	4	conj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Anna | the 6th and the 11th from the back |  | the front |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom stands at the back of the line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x2:1
# text = Tom stands at the back of the line.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | Tom |  |  | the back of the line |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at back=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam gave 2 cards back to Ben.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x3:1
# text = Sam gave 2 cards back to Ben.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give back** | past | Sam | 2 cards | Ben |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent card=Theme to ben=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write your name on the back of the page.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x4:1
# text = Write your name on the back of the page.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | your name |  | the back of the page |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme on back=Destination |
| 2 | **name** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lie on your back and look at the stars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x5:1
# text = Lie on your back and look at the stars.
1	Lie	lie	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | your back |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on back=Location |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the stars | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at star=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Come back before it gets dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x6:1
# text = Come back before it gets dark.
1	Come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come back** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | present | it |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad backed the car out of the garage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x7:1
# text = Dad backed the car out of the garage.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	backed	back	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	garage	garage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **back** | past | Dad | the car |  | the garage |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent car=Theme out garage=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
back in 5 mins, save me a seat

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x8:1
# text = back in 5 mins, save me a seat
1	back	back	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	mins	minute	NOUN	NNS	Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	save	save	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | imperative | you *not said here* | a seat | me |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary seat=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Give it back or else, that's my 10 bucks!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x9:1
# text = Give it back or else, that's my 10 bucks!
1	Give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	iobj	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	else	else	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	bucks	buck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | that | my 10 bucks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She talks about everyone behind their back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x10:1
# text = She talks about everyone behind their back.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	talks	talk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	obl	_	_
5	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present | She |  |  |  |  | about everyone | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about everyone=Topic |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A refund of 4 dollars is subsequently remitted to the purchaser. Determine the net expenditure.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A refund of 4 dollars is subsequently remitted to the purchaser.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x11:1
# text = A refund of 4 dollars is subsequently remitted to the purchaser.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	refund	refund	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	remitted	remit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	purchaser	purchaser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remit** | present · passive |  | a refund of 4 dollars | the purchaser |  |  | subsequently *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to purchaser=Recipient |
| 2 | **refund** |  |  | 4 dollars |  |  |  |  | nom refund «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Determine the net expenditure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x11:2
# text = Determine the net expenditure.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	net	net	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the net expenditure |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent expenditure=Topic |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Count the 4th seat from the rear of the bus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x12:1
# text = Count the 4th seat from the rear of the bus.
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	4th	4th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rear	rear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | imperative | you *not said here* | the 4th seat |  | the rear of the bus |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seat=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He went back to his work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:back:x13:1
# text = He went back to his work.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go back** | past | He |  |  |  |  | to his work *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to work=Result |
| 2 | **work** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [bachelor](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/bachelor/)
- next →: [backache](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/backache/)
- ↑ back to [B in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/)