---
title: backache — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «backache» in the school dictionary: A pain in your back. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# backache

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Carrying, Grandma, backache, you, Sitting, good chair · **What happens:** carry, give, have, garden, lift, avoid · **To what, where:** heavy bag, backache, me

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«backache» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [backache in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/backache.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pain in your back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backache:m1:1
# text = A pain in your back.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carrying my heavy bag gave me backache.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backache:x1:1
# text = Carrying my heavy bag gave me backache.
1	Carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	backache	backache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | gerund |  | my heavy bag |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | past | Carrying | backache | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient backache=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma has a backache after gardening.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backache:x2:1
# text = Grandma has a backache after gardening.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	backache	backache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	gardening	garden	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Grandma | a backache |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent backache=Patient |
| 2 | **garden** | gerund | a backache *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lift with your knees to avoid backache.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backache:x3:1
# text = Lift with your knees to avoid backache.
1	Lift	lift	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	backache	backache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with your knees | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **avoid** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | backache |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent backache=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sitting badly can cause backache.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backache:x4:1
# text = Sitting badly can cause backache.
1	Sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	backache	backache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cause** | can | Sitting | backache |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition backache=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad's backache got better with rest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backache:x5:1
# text = Dad's backache got better with rest.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	backache	backache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Dad's backache |  |  |  |  | with rest; good *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A good chair helps prevent backache.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backache:x6:1
# text = A good chair helps prevent backache.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
6	backache	backache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a good chair |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **prevent** | infinitive | a good chair *not said here* | backache |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer backache=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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