---
title: backup — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «backup» in the school dictionary: An extra copy of computer files kept safe in case the first copy is lost. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# backup

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** more police, Something, you, laptop, I, it · **What happens:** keep, lose, copy, join, need, fail · **To what, where:** computer files, first copy, extra copy, first plan, backup, memory stick · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«backup» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [backup in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/backup.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An extra copy of computer files kept safe in case the first copy is lost.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backup:m1:1
# text = An extra copy of computer files kept safe in case the first copy is lost.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	files	file	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
10	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	fixed	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	amod	_	_
13	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  | computer files *not said here* |  | the first copy |  | safe *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in copy=Location |
| 2 | **lose** | present · passive |  | a extra copy of computer files |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 3 | **copy** |  |  | computer files |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Extra help or support, such as more police or players who can join when needed.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backup:m2:1
# text = Extra help or support, such as more police or players who can join when needed.
1	Extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	join	join	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl:relcl	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
16	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | can | more police or players |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **need** | participle | more police or players *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something kept ready in case the first plan fails, like a backup plan.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backup:m3:1
# text = Something kept ready in case the first plan fails, like a backup plan.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
5	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	fixed	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	fails	fail	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	backup	backup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  |  |  | the first plan |  | ready *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in plan=Location |
| 2 | **fail** | present | Something |  |  |  |  | like a backup plan | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A traffic jam or a blockage, such as a sink backup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backup:m4:1
# text = A traffic jam or a blockage, such as a sink backup.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	blockage	blockage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	sink	sink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	backup	backup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always make a backup of your homework on a memory stick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backup:x1:1
# text = Always make a backup of your homework on a memory stick.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	backup	backup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | a backup of your homework |  | a memory stick |  | always *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset backup=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My laptop broke, but I had a backup in the cloud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backup:x2:1
# text = My laptop broke, but I had a backup in the cloud.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	laptop	laptop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	backup	backup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | My laptop |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | past | I | a backup |  | the cloud |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent backup=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If it rains, our backup plan is the cinema.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backup:x3:1
# text = If it rains, our backup plan is the cinema.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rains	rain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	backup	backup	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cinema	cinema	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rain** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 2 | **is a** | present | our backup plan | the cinema |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **plan** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The officer called for backup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backup:x4:1
# text = The officer called for backup.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	officer	officer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	backup	backup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle |  | the officer *not said here* |  |  |  | for backup | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for backup=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The backup goalkeeper came on in the second half.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backup:x5:1
# text = The backup goalkeeper came on in the second half.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	backup	backup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	goalkeeper	goalkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
9	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come on** | past | the backup goalkeeper |  |  | the second half |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in half=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please back up your files before the update.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backup:x6:1
# text = Please back up your files before the update.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	back	back	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	files	file	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	update	update	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **back up** | imperative | you *not said here* | your files |  | the update |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent file=Theme before update=Trajectory |
| 2 | **file** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom file «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend backed me up when I told the truth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backup:x7:1
# text = My friend backed me up when I told the truth.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	backed	back	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **back up** | past | My friend | me |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | I | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a backup of cars on the motorway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:backup:x8:1
# text = There was a backup of cars on the motorway.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	backup	backup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	motorway	motorway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a backup of cars on the motorway |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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