---
title: bacterial — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bacterial» in the school dictionary: Bacterial means caused by bacteria or to do with bacteria, the tiny living things too small to see. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bacterial

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bacterial, She, Washing, Leaving, Scientists, Tooth decay · **What happens:** mean, cause, do, see, have, need · **To what, where:** bacterial infection, antibiotics, hands, bacterial growth, food, bacterial colonies · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bacterial» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bacterial in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bacterial.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bacterial means caused by bacteria or to do with bacteria, the tiny living things too small to see.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bacterial:m1:1
# text = Bacterial means caused by bacteria or to do with bacteria, the tiny living things too small to see.
1	Bacterial	Bacterial	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	appos	_	_
16	too	too	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bacterial |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with bacteria | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **see** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had a bacterial infection and needed antibiotics.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bacterial:x1:1
# text = She had a bacterial infection and needed antibiotics.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bacterial	bacterial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | She | a bacterial infection |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent infection=Patient |
| 2 | **need** | past | She *not said here* | antibiotics |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot antibiotic=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Washing your hands reduces bacterial growth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bacterial:x2:1
# text = Washing your hands reduces bacterial growth.
1	Washing	wash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	reduces	reduce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	bacterial	bacterial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | gerund |  | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **reduce** | present | Washing | bacterial growth |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer growth=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaving food out can lead to bacterial growth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bacterial:x3:1
# text = Leaving food out can lead to bacterial growth.
1	Leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	bacterial	bacterial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave out** | gerund |  | food |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |
| 2 | **lead** | can | Leaving |  |  |  |  | to bacterial growth | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to growth=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists grew bacterial colonies on a dish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bacterial:x4:1
# text = Scientists grew bacterial colonies on a dish.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bacterial	bacterial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	colonies	colony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dish	dish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Scientists | bacterial colonies |  | a dish |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location colony=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tooth decay is partly bacterial.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bacterial:x5:1
# text = Tooth decay is partly bacterial.
1	Tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	decay	decay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	bacterial	bacterial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Tooth decay |  |  |  |  | bacterial, partly *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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