---
title: balsam — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «balsam» in the school dictionary: A sweet-smelling sticky oil or resin that comes from certain trees and is used in creams and medicines. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# balsam

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** resin, tree, garden plant, Grandma, Christmas tree, balsam fir · **What happens:** smell, come, use, give, burst, touch · **To what, where:** certain trees, creams, resin, impatiens, balsam, sore knees · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«balsam» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [balsam in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/balsam.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sweet-smelling sticky oil or resin that comes from certain trees and is used in creams and medicines.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balsam:m1:1
# text = A sweet-smelling sticky oil or resin that comes from certain trees and is used in creams and medicines.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	amod	_	_
5	sticky	sticky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	resin	resin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	creams	cream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | present | resin |  |  | certain trees |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from tree=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **use** | present · passive | resin *not said here* |  |  | creams and medicines |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A soothing cream or ointment, like a balm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balsam:m2:1
# text = A soothing cream or ointment, like a balm.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	soothing	soothing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	ointment	ointment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	balm	balm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tree that gives this resin, such as the balsam fir.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balsam:m3:1
# text = A tree that gives this resin, such as the balsam fir.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	resin	resin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	balsam	balsam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	fir	fir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | a tree | this resin |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent resin=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A garden plant with bright flowers whose seed pods burst open when touched (also called impatiens or busy Lizzie).

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balsam:m4:1
# text = A garden plant with bright flowers whose seed pods burst open when touched (also called impatiens or busy Lizzie).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	pods	pod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
10	burst	burst	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
13	touched	touch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	also	also	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
17	impatiens	impatiens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	Lizzie	Lizzie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burst** | present | a garden plant with bright flowers and bright flowers and seed pods's seed pods |  |  |  |  | open *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **touch** | participle | a garden plant with bright flowers and bright flowers and seed pods's seed pods *not said here* | impatiens or busy Lizzie |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme impatiens=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  | impatiens or busy Lizzie *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma rubs balsam on her sore knees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balsam:x1:1
# text = Grandma rubs balsam on her sore knees.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rubs	rub	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	balsam	balsam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | present | Grandma | balsam |  | Grandma's sore knees |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent balsam=Theme on knee=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Christmas tree was a balsam fir that smelled lovely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balsam:x2:1
# text = The Christmas tree was a balsam fir that smelled lovely.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	balsam	balsam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	fir	fir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	lovely	lovely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Christmas tree | a balsam fir |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **smell** | past | a balsam fir |  |  |  |  | lovely *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cough sweets taste of balsam and honey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balsam:x3:1
# text = The cough sweets taste of balsam and honey.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	compound	_	_
4	taste	taste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	balsam	balsam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	honey	honey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** |  |  | balsam and honey |  |  |  |  | nom taste «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Himalayan balsam grows thickly along the river bank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balsam:x4:1
# text = Himalayan balsam grows thickly along the river bank.
1	Himalayan	himalayan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	balsam	balsam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	thickly	thickly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	along	along	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Himalayan balsam |  |  | the river bank |  | thickly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bank=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When I touched the balsam pod, it popped and threw out its seeds.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balsam:x5:1
# text = When I touched the balsam pod, it popped and threw out its seeds.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	touched	touch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	balsam	balsam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pod	pod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	popped	pop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **touch** | past | I | the balsam pod |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pod=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **pop** | past | pod |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **throw out** | past | pod *not said here* | pod's seeds |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seed=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop sells balsam shampoo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balsam:x6:1
# text = The shop sells balsam shampoo.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	balsam	balsam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	shampoo	shampoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | present | the shop | balsam shampoo |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shampoo=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pine and balsam scents filled the cabin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balsam:x7:1
# text = Pine and balsam scents filled the cabin.
1	Pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	balsam	balsam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	scents	scent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
5	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cabin	cabin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | Pine and balsam scents | the cabin |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cabin=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And even if he could make shoes to perfection they would be no use without the soothing balsam.'

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balsam:x8:1
# text = And even if he could make shoes to perfection they would be no use without the soothing balsam.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	even	even	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
3	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	perfection	perfection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
11	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	acl:relcl	_	_
15	without	without	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	soothing	soothing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	balsam	balsam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | could | he | shoes |  |  |  | to perfection; without the soothing balsam | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Product |
| 2 | **is a** | would | shoes *= shoe* | no use |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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