---
title: balustrade — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «balustrade» in the school dictionary: A balustrade is a low railing along the edge of a balcony, bridge or staircase, held up by short posts called balusters. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# balustrade

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**Who acts:** balustrade, short posts, She, stone balustrade, Children · **What happens:** be, hold up, call, learn, look down, run · **To what, where:** low railing, balusters, balustrade, terrace · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«balustrade» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [balustrade in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/balustrade.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A balustrade is a low railing along the edge of a balcony, bridge or staircase, held up by short posts called balusters.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balustrade:m1:1
# text = A balustrade is a low railing along the edge of a balcony, bridge or staircase, held up by short posts called balusters.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	balustrade	balustrade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	railing	railing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	along	along	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	balcony	balcony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	staircase	staircase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
19	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	posts	post	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
23	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
24	balusters	baluster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a balustrade | a low railing and bridge or staircase |  |  |  | along the edge of a balcony | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by short posts | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **call** | participle | short posts *not said here* | balusters |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She leaned on the balustrade and looked down at the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balustrade:x1:1
# text = She leaned on the balustrade and looked down at the garden.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leaned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	balustrade	balustrade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | She |  |  | the balustrade |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **look down** | past | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the garden | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at garden=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stone balustrade ran all along the terrace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balustrade:x2:1
# text = The stone balustrade ran all along the terrace.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	balustrade	balustrade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	along	along	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	terrace	terrace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the stone balustrade |  |  | the terrace |  | all *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along terrace=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Children must not climb over the balustrade on the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:balustrade:x3:1
# text = Children must not climb over the balustrade on the bridge.
1	Children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	climb	climb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	balustrade	balustrade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **climb** | must | Children |  |  | the balustrade |  | on the bridge | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over balustrade=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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