---
title: banns — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «banns» in the school dictionary: Banns are the public announcements read out in church, on three Sundays before a wedding, to say that two people plan to marry, so that anyone who knows a reason they should not marry can speak up. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# banns

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Banns, two people, people, anyone, vicar, you · **What happens:** be, say, plan, marry, know, not marry · **To what, where:** church, reason, banns, them · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«banns» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [banns in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/banns.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Banns are the public announcements read out in church, on three Sundays before a wedding, to say that two people plan to marry, so that anyone who knows a reason they should not marry can speak up.

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:banns:m1:1
# text = Banns are the public announcements read out in church, on three Sundays before a wedding, to say that two people plan to marry, so that anyone who knows a reason they should not marry can speak up.
1	Banns	bann	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	announcements	announcement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	read	read	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	Sundays	sunday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
14	before	before	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	wedding	wedding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
23	plan	plan	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	ccomp	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	marry	marry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
27	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	39	mark	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	39	mark	_	_
29	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	39	nsubj	_	_
30	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
31	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	acl:relcl	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
34	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
35	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	37	advmod	_	_
37	marry	marry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	acl:relcl	_	_
38	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
40	up	up	ADP	RP	_	39	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Banns |  |  | church |  | on three Sundays before a wedding; read *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | Banns *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **plan** | present | two people |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **marry** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | two people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **know** | present |  | a reason |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer reason=Stimulus |
| 6 | **not** **marry** | should | people | a reason *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient |
| 7 | **speak up** *speech: other* | can | anyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vicar read the banns on Sunday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:banns:x1:1
# text = The vicar read the banns on Sunday.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vicar	vicar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	banns	banns	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | the vicar | the banns |  |  | sunday |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent banns=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her banns were read in the church and in the town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:banns:x2:1
# text = Her banns were read in the church and in the town.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	banns	banns	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past · passive |  | Her banns |  | the church and the town |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If anyone knows a reason against this marriage, let them speak at the banns.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:banns:x3:1
# text = If anyone knows a reason against this marriage, let them speak at the banns.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	marriage	marriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	banns	banns	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | anyone | a reason |  |  |  | against this marriage | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer reason=Stimulus |
| 2 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  | the banns |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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