---
title: barbarous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «barbarous» in the school dictionary: Barbarous means very cruel, savage or uncivilised, without pity for others. It is a formal, rather old word. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/barbarous/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [B](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/) / barbarous

# barbarous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Barbarous, pity, barbarous laws, people, you, It · **What happens:** mean, be, make, weep, stop, leave · **To what, where:** barbarous practice, barbarous act, old dog, cold

<!-- .vabout -->
«barbarous» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [barbarous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/barbarous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Barbarous means very cruel, savage or uncivilised, without pity for others. It is a formal, rather old word.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Barbarous means very cruel, savage or uncivilised, without pity for others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barbarous:m1:1
# text = Barbarous means very cruel, savage or uncivilised, without pity for others.
1	Barbarous	Barbarous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	savage	savage	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	uncivilised	uncivilised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	pity	pity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Barbarous |  |  |  |  | without pity for others; cruel *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It is a formal, rather old word.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barbarous:m1:2
# text = It is a formal, rather old word.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | pity |  |  |  |  | formal *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king's barbarous laws made the people weep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barbarous:x1:1
# text = The king's barbarous laws made the people weep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	barbarous	barbarous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	weep	weep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the king's barbarous laws |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **weep** | present | the people |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop this barbarous practice at once!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barbarous:x2:1
# text = Stop this barbarous practice at once!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	barbarous	barbarous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* | this barbarous practice |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality practice=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a barbarous act to leave the old dog out in the cold.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barbarous:x3:1
# text = It was a barbarous act to leave the old dog out in the cold.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	barbarous	barbarous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	out	out	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a barbarous act |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | to-infinitive |  | the old dog |  | the cold |  | out *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent dog=Theme in cold=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [barbarian](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/barbarian/)
- next →: [barbecue](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/barbecue/)
- ↑ back to [B in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/)