---
title: barley — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «barley» in the school dictionary: A cereal plant like wheat, whose grain is used for food, for animal feed and for making beer and malt. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# barley

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** farmer, Barley soup, Barley, people, barley water, wind · **What happens:** use, make, grow, be, fill, farm · **To what, where:** cereal plant, beer, barley, field, malt, one

<!-- .vabout -->
«barley» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [barley in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/barley.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cereal plant like wheat, whose grain is used for food, for animal feed and for making beer and malt.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barley:m1:1
# text = A cereal plant like wheat, whose grain is used for food, for animal feed and for making beer and malt.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cereal	cereal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	feed	feed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	_
20	beer	beer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	malt	malt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | a cereal plant like wheat and wheat and grain's grain |  |  |  | for food | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for food=Eventuality |
| 2 | **make** | gerund |  | beer and malt |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset beer=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer grows barley in that field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barley:x1:1
# text = The farmer grows barley in that field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	barley	barley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | the farmer | barley |  | that field |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location barley=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Barley soup is warm and filling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barley:x2:1
# text = Barley soup is warm and filling.
1	Barley	Barley	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	filling	fill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Barley soup |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fill** | gerund | Barley soup *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Barley is used to make malt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barley:x3:1
# text = Barley is used to make malt.
1	Barley	barley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
6	malt	malt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Barley |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | malt |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset malt=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Barley was one of the first crops people farmed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barley:x4:1
# text = Barley was one of the first crops people farmed.
1	Barley	Barley	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	farmed	farm	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Barley | one |  |  |  | of the first crops | tree rules |
| 2 | **farm** | past | people | the first crops *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lemon barley water is a British drink.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barley:x5:1
# text = Lemon barley water is a British drink.
1	Lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	barley	barley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | barley water | a British drink |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind made the barley wave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barley:x6:1
# text = The wind made the barley wave.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	barley	barley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the wind | the barley wave |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wave=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were flying about when three grains of barley fell on the floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barley:x7:1
# text = They were flying about when three grains of barley fell on the floor.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	grains	grain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	barley	barley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past · progressive | They |  |  |  |  | about *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | past | three grains of barley |  |  | the floor |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on floor=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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