---
title: barometer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «barometer» in the school dictionary: A barometer is an instrument that measures air pressure, used to help forecast the weather. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# barometer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** barometer, instrument, things, people, it, We · **What happens:** be, measure, use, help, forecast, show · **To what, where:** instrument, air pressure, weather, anything, simple barometer, jar · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«barometer» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [barometer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/barometer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A barometer is an instrument that measures air pressure, used to help forecast the weather.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barometer:m1:1
# text = A barometer is an instrument that measures air pressure, used to help forecast the weather.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	barometer	barometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	measures	measure	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	forecast	forecast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a barometer | a instrument |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **measure** | present | a instrument | air pressure |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme pressure=Value |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **help** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **forecast** | infinitive |  | the weather |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A barometer is also anything that shows how things are changing, like a sign of what people think.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barometer:m2:1
# text = A barometer is also anything that shows how things are changing, like a sign of what people think.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	barometer	barometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	changing	change	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nmod	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a barometer | anything |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **change** | present · progressive | things |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The barometer is falling, so it might rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barometer:x1:1
# text = The barometer is falling, so it might rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	barometer	barometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | present · progressive | the barometer |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **rain** | might | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a simple barometer from a jar and a balloon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barometer:x2:1
# text = We made a simple barometer from a jar and a balloon.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	barometer	barometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a simple barometer |  | a jar and a balloon |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent barometer=Product from jar=Material |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A barometer measures air pressure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barometer:x3:1
# text = A barometer measures air pressure.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	barometer	barometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	measures	measure	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | present | a barometer | air pressure |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme pressure=Value |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa taps the old barometer on the wall each morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barometer:x4:1
# text = Grandpa taps the old barometer on the wall each morning.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	taps	tap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	barometer	barometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tap** | present | Grandpa | the old barometer |  |  | morning | on the wall | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent barometer=Instrument on wall=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
High pressure on the barometer usually means sunny weather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barometer:x5:1
# text = High pressure on the barometer usually means sunny weather.
1	High	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	barometer	barometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | High pressure on the barometer | sunny weather |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weather=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The weather station has a barometer and a thermometer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barometer:x6:1
# text = The weather station has a barometer and a thermometer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	barometer	barometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	thermometer	thermometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the weather station | a barometer and a thermometer |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barometer=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sales of ice cream are a barometer of the weather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barometer:x7:1
# text = Sales of ice cream are a barometer of the weather.
1	Sales	sale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	barometer	barometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sales of ice cream | a barometer |  |  |  | of the weather | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Read the barometer and write down the pressure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barometer:x8:1
# text = Read the barometer and write down the pressure.
1	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	barometer	barometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the barometer |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barometer=Topic |
| 2 | **write down** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the pressure |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pressure=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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