---
title: barring — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «barring» in the school dictionary: Barring means except for, leaving out one thing or person from what is said. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# barring

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Barring, Everyone, Sam, We, bees · **What happens:** mean, leave out, say, come, bar, be · **To what, where:** one thing, Sam, game, football, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«barring» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [barring in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/barring.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Barring means except for, leaving out one thing or person from what is said.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barring:m1:1
# text = Barring means except for, leaving out one thing or person from what is said.
1	Barring	barring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	except	except	ADP	IN	_	2	ccomp	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obl	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Barring |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **leave out** | gerund | Barring *not said here* | one thing or person |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone came, barring Sam, who was ill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barring:x1:1
# text = Everyone came, barring Sam, who was ill.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	barring	bar	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **bar** | gerund | Everyone *not said here* | Sam |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer sam=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | Sam |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We can play any game, barring football.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barring:x2:1
# text = We can play any game, barring football.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	barring	bar	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | can | We | any game |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Theme |
| 2 | **bar** | gerund | We *not said here* | football |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer football=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All the bees were friendly, barring one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barring:x3:1
# text = All the bees were friendly, barring one.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	barring	bar	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | all bees |  |  |  |  | friendly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bar** | gerund | all bees *not said here* | one |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer one=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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