---
title: barrow — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «barrow» in the school dictionary: A wheelbarrow: a small cart with one wheel at the front and two handles, pushed by hand. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# barrow

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Grandad, you, fruit seller, We, Archaeologists, barrow · **What happens:** push, use, sell, build, fill, shout · **To what, where:** small cart, two wheels, fruit, earth, grave, barrow

<!-- .vabout -->
«barrow» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [barrow in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/barrow.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wheelbarrow: a small cart with one wheel at the front and two handles, pushed by hand.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barrow:m1:1
# text = A wheelbarrow: a small cart with one wheel at the front and two handles, pushed by hand.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wheelbarrow	wheelbarrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	handles	handle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	pushed	push	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | participle |  | a small cart with one wheel at the front and two handles *not said here* |  |  |  | by hand | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent by hand=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small cart with two wheels used by street sellers to sell fruit and other goods (a market barrow).

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barrow:m2:1
# text = A small cart with two wheels used by street sellers to sell fruit and other goods (a market barrow).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	sellers	seller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
13	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	13	conj	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	barrow	barrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | two wheels *not said here* |  |  |  | by street sellers | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sell** | to-infinitive |  | fruit and other goods |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large mound of earth built long ago over a grave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barrow:m3:1
# text = A large mound of earth built long ago over a grave.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	mound	mound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
8	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | participle |  | earth *not said here* |  | a grave |  | ago *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad filled the barrow with weeds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barrow:x1:1
# text = Grandad filled the barrow with weeds.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	barrow	barrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	weeds	weed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | Grandad | the barrow |  |  |  | with weeds | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent barrow=Patient with weed=Instrument |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you push the barrow of bricks to the shed?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barrow:x2:1
# text = Can you push the barrow of bricks to the shed?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	push	push	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	barrow	barrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bricks	brick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | can | you | the barrow of bricks |  | the shed |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent barrow=Theme to shed=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fruit seller shouted from his barrow in the market.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barrow:x3:1
# text = The fruit seller shouted from his barrow in the market.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	seller	seller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	barrow	barrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | the fruit seller |  |  | seller's barrow |  | in the market | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We visited an old long barrow on the hill near Avebury.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barrow:x4:1
# text = We visited an old long barrow on the hill near Avebury.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	barrow	barrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	near	near	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Avebury	Avebury	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | We | a old long barrow |  | the hill near Avebury |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barrow=Co-Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeologists found tools inside the barrow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barrow:x5:1
# text = Archaeologists found tools inside the barrow.
1	Archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	barrow	barrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Archaeologists | tools |  | the barrow |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The barrow tipped over and the sand spilled out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barrow:x6:1
# text = The barrow tipped over and the sand spilled out.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	barrow	barrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tipped	tip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	spilled	spill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tip over** | past | the barrow |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **spill out** | participle | the sand |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hounds were running off, flocks of wild fowl flew screaming over the barrows, while the bramble bushes twined round the old stones.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:barrow:x7:1
# text = The hounds were running off, flocks of wild fowl flew screaming over the barrows, while the bramble bushes twined round the old stones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hounds	hound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	fowl	fowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	screaming	scream	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	xcomp	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	barrows	barrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	bramble	bramble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
21	twined	twine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	round	round	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run off** | past · progressive | the hounds |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fly** | past | flocks of wild fowl | the bramble bushes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **scream** *speech: express* | gerund | flocks of wild fowl *not said here* |  |  | the barrows |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over barrow=Location |
| 4 | **twine** | participle |  | the bramble bushes *not said here* |  | the old stones |  |  | vn coil-9.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round stone=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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