---
title: basalt — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «basalt» in the school dictionary: A hard, dark grey or black rock made when hot lava from a volcano cools quickly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# basalt

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hard dark grey, Basalt, lava, We, Many columns · **What happens:** make, cool, form, be, sort, have · **To what, where:** hot lava, volcano, Giant Causeway, Most, rocks, six sides

<!-- .vabout -->
«basalt» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [basalt in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/basalt.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hard, dark grey or black rock made when hot lava from a volcano cools quickly.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:basalt:m1:1
# text = A hard, dark grey or black rock made when hot lava from a volcano cools quickly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	grey	grey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
11	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle | a hard dark grey or black rock *not said here* | hot lava |  | a volcano |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from volcano=Material |
| 2 | **cool** | present | a hard dark grey or black rock |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made of this rock: basalt columns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:basalt:m2:1
# text = Made of this rock: basalt columns.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	basalt	basalt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | of this rock and basalt columns | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Basalt forms when lava cools quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:basalt:x1:1
# text = Basalt forms when lava cools quickly.
1	Basalt	basalt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
4	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | Basalt |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cool** | present | lava |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Giant's Causeway is made of thousands of basalt columns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:basalt:x2:1
# text = The Giant's Causeway is made of thousands of basalt columns.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	Causeway	Causeway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	basalt	basalt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the Giant Causeway |  |  |  | of thousands of basalt columns | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Basalt is dark and very hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:basalt:x3:1
# text = Basalt is dark and very hard.
1	Basalt	basalt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Basalt |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Basalt *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most of the ocean floor is made of basalt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:basalt:x4:1
# text = Most of the ocean floor is made of basalt.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	basalt	basalt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Most of the ocean floor |  |  |  | of basalt | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sorted the rocks: granite, chalk and basalt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:basalt:x5:1
# text = We sorted the rocks: granite, chalk and basalt.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sorted	sort	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	granite	granite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	basalt	basalt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sort** | past | We | the rocks |  |  |  |  | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many columns have six sides, like hexagons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:basalt:x6:1
# text = Many columns have six sides, like hexagons.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	hexagons	hexagon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Many columns | six sides |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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