---
title: baseline — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «baseline» in the school dictionary: A starting measurement that you use to compare later results with. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# baseline

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, We, baseline test, heart rate, baseline, She · **What happens:** start, use, compare, measure, add, show · **To what, where:** starting measurement, results, height, fertiliser, baseline, ball · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«baseline» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [baseline in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/baseline.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A starting measurement that you use to compare later results with.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:baseline:m1:1
# text = A starting measurement that you use to compare later results with.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	starting	start	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	measurement	measurement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	obj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	compare	compare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
10	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **use** | present | you | a starting measurement |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent that=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **compare** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | results |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent result=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In tennis and some other sports, the line at the back of each end of the court.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:baseline:m2:1
# text = In tennis and some other sports, the line at the back of each end of the court.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	tennis	tennis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A basic line or level, such as the lowest acceptable standard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:baseline:m3:1
# text = A basic line or level, such as the lowest acceptable standard.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	basic	basic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	lowest	low	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
11	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	standard	standard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We measured the plant's height as a baseline before adding fertiliser.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:baseline:x1:1
# text = We measured the plant's height as a baseline before adding fertiliser.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	measured	measure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	baseline	baseline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
12	fertiliser	fertiliser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | past | We | the plant's height |  |  |  | as a baseline | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme height=Value |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | We *not said here* | fertiliser |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fertiliser=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baseline test showed what we knew in September.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:baseline:x2:1
# text = The baseline test showed what we knew in September.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	baseline	baseline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	obj	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	September	September	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the baseline test |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **know** | past | we |  |  |  | september |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My resting heart rate is my baseline before running.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:baseline:x3:1
# text = My resting heart rate is my baseline before running.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	resting	resting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	baseline	baseline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My heart rate | my baseline |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | gerund | my baseline *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She hit the ball right on the baseline.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:baseline:x4:1
# text = She hit the ball right on the baseline.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	right	right	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	baseline	baseline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | past | She | the ball |  |  |  | on the baseline; right *property* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent ball=Instrument on baseline=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stand behind the baseline to serve.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:baseline:x5:1
# text = Stand behind the baseline to serve.
1	Stand	stand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	baseline	baseline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the baseline |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind baseline=Location |
| 2 | **serve** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Compared with the baseline, the temperature rose by 5 degrees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:baseline:x6:1
# text = Compared with the baseline, the temperature rose by 5 degrees.
1	Compared	compare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	baseline	baseline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	rose	rose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with the baseline and the temperature rose; by 5 degrees | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Patient with baseline=Co-Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baseline helps you see if your spelling has improved.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:baseline:x7:1
# text = A baseline helps you see if your spelling has improved.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baseline	baseline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	improved	improve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a baseline | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **improve** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · perfect | your spelling |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **spell** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom spelling «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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