---
title: battery — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «battery» in the school dictionary: A small object that stores electricity and gives it to torches, toys, phones and remote controls. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# battery

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small object, crime, torch, phone battery, battery, Button batteries · **What happens:** store, give, hit, need, be, have · **To what, where:** electricity, torches, someone, new battery, end, old batteries

<!-- .vabout -->
«battery» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [battery in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/battery.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small object that stores electricity and gives it to torches, toys, phones and remote controls.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:m1:1
# text = A small object that stores electricity and gives it to torches, toys, phones and remote controls.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stores	store	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	torches	torch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	remote	remote	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	controls	control	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **store** | present | a small object | electricity |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | present | a small object *not said here* | electricity | torches and toys and phones and remote controls |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to torch=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A row or group of similar things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:m2:1
# text = A row or group of similar things.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"a battery of tests".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:m2e:1
# text = "a battery of tests".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: In law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the crime of hitting someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:m3:1
# text = the crime of hitting someone.
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | gerund | the crime *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme someone=Co-Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A set of large guns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:m4:1
# text = A set of large guns.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	guns	gun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The torch needs a new battery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:x1:1
# text = The torch needs a new battery.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | the torch | a new battery |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot battery=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My phone battery is flat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:x2:1
# text = My phone battery is flat.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My phone battery |  |  |  |  | flat *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A battery has a plus end and a minus end.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:x3:1
# text = A battery has a plus end and a minus end.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	plus	plus	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	minus	minus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a battery | a end and a minus end |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Button batteries are dangerous if swallowed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:x4:1
# text = Button batteries are dangerous if swallowed.
1	Button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	batteries	battery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	swallowed	swallow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Button batteries |  |  |  |  | dangerous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **swallow** *a condition, not said to happen* | participle | Button batteries *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Recycle old batteries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:x5:1
# text = Recycle old batteries.
1	Recycle	recycle	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	batteries	battery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recycle** | imperative | you *not said here* | old batteries |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The toy runs on two batteries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:x6:1
# text = The toy runs on two batteries.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	batteries	battery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | the toy |  |  | two batteries |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on battery=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Connect the battery to the bulb to make a circuit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:x7:1
# text = Connect the battery to the bulb to make a circuit.
1	Connect	connect	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **connect** | imperative | you *not said here* | the battery |  |  |  | to the bulb | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent battery=Patient to bulb=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a circuit |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset circuit=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Charge the battery overnight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:battery:x8:1
# text = Charge the battery overnight.
1	Charge	charge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	overnight	overnight	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge** | imperative | you *not said here* | the battery |  |  |  | overnight *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location battery=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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