---
title: beard — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «beard» in the school dictionary: A beard is the hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of a man. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# beard

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** beard, hair, Grandpa, dad, billy goat, wizard · **What happens:** be, grow, have, shave off, stroke, wring · **To what, where:** hair, chin, hairs, long white beard, beard, little beard

<!-- .vabout -->
«beard» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [beard in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/beard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A beard is the hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of a man.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beard:m1:1
# text = A beard is the hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of a man.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	chin	chin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a beard | the hair |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | the hair |  |  | the chin and cheeks of a man |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on chin=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A beard is also hairs or bristles like that on some animals, like a goat's beard, or on plants like barley.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beard:m2:1
# text = A beard is also hairs or bristles like that on some animals, like a goat's beard, or on plants like barley.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bristles	bristle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
23	like	like	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	barley	barley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a beard | hairs or bristles like that and a goat's beard or plants like barley |  |  |  | on some animals | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa has a long white beard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beard:x1:1
# text = Grandpa has a long white beard.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Grandpa | a long white beard |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My dad shaved off his beard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beard:x2:1
# text = My dad shaved off his beard.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shaved	shave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shave off** | participle | My dad | dad's beard |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The billy goat had a little beard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beard:x3:1
# text = The billy goat had a little beard.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	billy	billy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the billy goat | a little beard |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wizard stroked his beard and thought.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beard:x4:1
# text = The wizard stroked his beard and thought.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wizard	wizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stroked	stroke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	thought	thought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stroke** | past | the wizard | wizard's beard and thought |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Father Christmas has a big white beard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beard:x5:1
# text = Father Christmas has a big white beard.
1	Father	Father	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
2	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Father Christmas | a big white beard |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Uncle Tom is growing a beard for charity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beard:x6:1
# text = Uncle Tom is growing a beard for charity.
1	Uncle	Uncle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · progressive | Uncle Tom | a beard |  |  |  | for charity | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent beard=Product for charity=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wringing his hands and rending his beard, he exclaimed:

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beard:x7:1
# text = Wringing his hands and rending his beard, he exclaimed:
1	Wringing	wring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	rending	rend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wring** | gerund | he *not said here* | his hands |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **rend** | gerund | he *not said here* | his beard |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |
| 3 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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