---
title: beat — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «beat» in the school dictionary: To beat is to win against someone. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# beat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** beat, Lions, She, her, He, many points · **What happens:** beat, be, mean, record, do, need · **To what, where:** food, regular sound, Tigers, record, 3 eggs, 40

<!-- .vabout -->
«beat» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [beat in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/beat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To beat is to win against someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:m1:1
# text = To beat is to win against someone.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | against someone; win *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To beat is to hit again and again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:m2:1
# text = To beat is to hit again and again.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hit	hit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | again | hit *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To beat food is to mix it fast, like eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:m3:1
# text = To beat food is to mix it fast, like eggs.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	mix	mix	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | to-infinitive |  | food |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location food=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fast, mix *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A beat is a regular sound or pulse, like the beat of a drum or a heart.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:m4:1
# text = A beat is a regular sound or pulse, like the beat of a drum or a heart.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beat	beat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	pulse	pulse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	beat	beat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a beat | a regular sound or pulse and the beat of a drum or a heart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beat (informal) means very tired.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:m5:1
# text = Beat (informal) means very tired.
1	Beat	beat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	informal	informal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Beat |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Lions beat the Tigers by 5 points.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:x1:1
# text = The Lions beat the Tigers by 5 points.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Tigers	Tiger	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | past | the Lions | the Tigers |  |  |  | by 5 points | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tiger=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She beat her record by 2 seconds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:x2:1
# text = She beat her record by 2 seconds.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	record	record	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | past | She | her record |  |  | second |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location record=Theme |
| 2 | **record** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom record «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He beat 3 eggs for the cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:x3:1
# text = He beat 3 eggs for the cake.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | past | He | 3 eggs |  |  |  | for the cake | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location egg=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many points did they need to beat 40?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:x4:1
# text = How many points did they need to beat 40?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | many points |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | points *= point* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **beat** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | points *= point* *not said here* | 40 |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location 40=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My heart beats about 80 times a minute.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:x5:1
# text = My heart beats about 80 times a minute.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	beats	beat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	80	80	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat about** | present | My heart |  |  |  | time |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clap to the beat of the music.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:x6:1
# text = Clap to the beat of the music.
1	Clap	clap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	beat	beat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rain beat on the window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:x7:1
# text = The rain beat on the window.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	beat	beat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm beat after the long hike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:x8:1
# text = I'm beat after the long hike.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	beat	beat	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hike	hike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  | after the long hike | beat *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you beat my high score?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:x9:1
# text = Can you beat my high score?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	score	score	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | can | you | my high score |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location score=Theme |
| 2 | **score** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom score «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drummer kept the beat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:x10:1
# text = The drummer kept the beat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drummer	drummer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	beat	beat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the drummer | the beat |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beat=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oh, how his heart did beat!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beat:x11:1
# text = Oh, how his heart did beat!
1	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | past · do-support | his heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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