---
title: because — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «because» in the school dictionary: Because gives the reason for something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# because

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cos, I, exam voice, child, it, game · **What happens:** give, come, cause, speak, text, be · **To what, where:** reason, noun, short spoken forms, texts, refusal, account · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«because» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [because in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/because.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because gives the reason for something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:m1:1
# text = Because gives the reason for something.
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present |  | the reason |  |  |  | for something | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent reason=Theme for something=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am wet because it rained.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:m1e:1
# text = I am wet because it rained.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	rained	rain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | wet *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **rain** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Because of» comes before a noun to give the reason.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:m2:1
# text = «Because of» comes before a noun to give the reason.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	2	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
5	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present |  |  |  | a noun |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before noun=Location |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The game stopped because of the rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:m2e:1
# text = The game stopped because of the rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the game |  |  |  |  | because the rain | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Cos», «coz», «'cause» and in texts «bc» or «bcos» are short spoken or texted forms of because.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:m3:1
# text = «Cos», «coz», «'cause» and in texts «bc» or «bcos» are short spoken or texted forms of because.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Cos	Cos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	coz	coz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	cause	cause	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	texts	text	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	bc	BC	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	bcos	bco	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
24	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
25	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	amod	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	texted	text	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	conj	_	_
28	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** *in a quote* | infinitive | Cos |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **text** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | present | Cos *not said here* | short spoken forms |  | texts and bc or bcos |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Because» alone, or «Just because», is a refusal to give a reason: «Why?» «Because I said so.».

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Because» alone, or «Just because», is a refusal to give a reason: «Why?»

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:m4:1
# text = «Because» alone, or «Just because», is a refusal to give a reason: «Why?»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	2	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	refusal	refusal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a refusal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | a reason |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «Because I said so.».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:m4:2
# text = «Because I said so.».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exam voice says «owing to», «due to», «on account of», «since», «in consequence of», «by virtue of» where a child would say «because».

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:m5:1
# text = The exam voice says «owing to», «due to», «on account of», «since», «in consequence of», «by virtue of» where a child would say «because».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	owing	owe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	17	nsubj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	since	since	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	by	by	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	34	punct	_	_
36	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	40	advmod	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
39	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	acl:relcl	_	_
41	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	42	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	40	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	42	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the exam voice |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **owe** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  | account of consequence |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | would | a child |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **account** *in a quote* |  |  | consequence |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Student: I add : 9 (because of «more»)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x1:1
# text = Student: I add : 9 (because of «more»)
1	Student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	add	add	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | Student | 9 |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 9=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We subtract because some cookies were eaten.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x2:1
# text = We subtract because some cookies were eaten.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	subtract	subtract	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subtract** | present | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **eat** | past · passive |  | some cookies |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We multiply because there are 4 equal groups.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x3:1
# text = We multiply because there are 4 equal groups.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	multiply	multiply	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **multiply** | present | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **does** | present | 4 equal groups |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I stayed home because I was sick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x4:1
# text = I stayed home because I was sick.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	home	home	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | I |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | sick *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plant died because it had no water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x5:1
# text = The plant died because it had no water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | the plant |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **have** | past | plant | no water |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We could not play outside because of the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x6:1
# text = We could not play outside because of the storm.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **play** | could | We |  |  |  |  | because the storm; outside *property* | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaves fall in autumn because the days grow cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x7:1
# text = Leaves fall in autumn because the days grow cold.
1	Leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | present | Leaves |  |  |  | autumn |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | present | the days |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She smiled because she got a gold star.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x8:1
# text = She smiled because she got a gold star.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	smiled	smile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smile** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **get** | past | she | a gold star |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer star=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
cant come cos mum says no

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x9:1
# text = cant come cos mum says no
1	cant	cant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cos	cos	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | cant |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | mum |  |  |  |  | cos *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
only got 3 left bc my brother ate the rest

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x10:1
# text = only got 3 left bc my brother ate the rest
1	only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	left	left	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bc	BC	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past |  | 3 left bc |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bc=Stimulus |
| 2 | **eat** | past | my brother | the rest |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rest=Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Why do I have to go to bed?» «Because I said so, that's why.»

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Why do I have to go to bed?»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x11:1
# text = «Why do I have to go to bed?»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | present · do-support | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  | bed |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «Because I said so, that's why.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x11:2
# text = «Because I said so, that's why.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | that |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Owing to the inclement weather, the outing was postponed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x12:1
# text = Owing to the inclement weather, the outing was postponed.
1	Owing	owe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	inclement	inclement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	outing	outing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	postponed	postpone	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **owe** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to the inclement weather *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to weather=Goal |
| 2 | **postpone** | past · passive |  | the outing |  |  |  |  | vn delay-53.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Because I am grown up, dearest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:because:x13:1
# text = “Because I am grown up, dearest.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
8	dearest	dear	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow up** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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