---
title: beech — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «beech» in the school dictionary: A beech is a large tree with smooth grey bark and shiny oval leaves, found in Europe and North America. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# beech

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** beech, huge beech tree, Squirrels, beech hedge, Bluebells, nightingale · **What happens:** be, find, use, make, grow, have · **To what, where:** large tree, Europe, hard pale wood, furniture, park, smooth grey bark

<!-- .vabout -->
«beech» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [beech in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/beech.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A beech is a large tree with smooth grey bark and shiny oval leaves, found in Europe and North America.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beech:m1:1
# text = A beech is a large tree with smooth grey bark and shiny oval leaves, found in Europe and North America.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beech	beech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	oval	oval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a beech | a large tree |  |  |  | with smooth grey bark and shiny oval leaves | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | participle |  | a large tree *not said here* |  | Europe and North America |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beech is also the hard, pale wood of this tree, used to make furniture and toys.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beech:m2:1
# text = Beech is also the hard, pale wood of this tree, used to make furniture and toys.
1	Beech	beech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
16	furniture	furniture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Beech | the hard pale wood |  |  |  | of this tree | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle | Beech *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive | Beech *not said here* | furniture and toys |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset furniture=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A huge beech tree grows in the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beech:x1:1
# text = A huge beech tree grows in the park.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	beech	beech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | a huge beech tree |  |  | the park |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in park=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The beech has smooth grey bark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beech:x2:1
# text = The beech has smooth grey bark.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beech	beech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the beech | smooth grey bark |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bark=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Squirrels collect beechnuts in autumn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beech:x3:1
# text = Squirrels collect beechnuts in autumn.
1	Squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	collect	collect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	beechnuts	beechnut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | present | Squirrels | beechnuts |  |  | autumn |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beechnut=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our wooden spoon is made of beech.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beech:x4:1
# text = Our wooden spoon is made of beech.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	spoon	spoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	beech	beech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Our wooden spoon |  |  |  | of beech | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The beech hedge keeps its brown leaves in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beech:x5:1
# text = The beech hedge keeps its brown leaves in winter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	beech	beech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | the beech hedge | hedge's brown leaves |  |  | winter |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bluebells grow in the beech woods in spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beech:x6:1
# text = Bluebells grow in the beech woods in spring.
1	Bluebells	bluebell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	beech	beech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Bluebells |  |  | the beech woods | spring |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wood=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nightingale sings among the finely-fringed beech-leaves, looking at the blooming apple trees of the garden, and thinking that they bear roses.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beech:x7:1
# text = The nightingale sings among the finely-fringed beech-leaves, looking at the blooming apple trees of the garden, and thinking that they bear roses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nightingale	nightingale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sings	sing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	among	among	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
6	finely	finely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	fringed	fringe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
9	beech	beech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	blooming	bloom	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	amod	_	_
17	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	bear	bear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	advcl	_	_
28	roses	rose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | the nightingale |  |  | the fringed beech leaves |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among leaf=Location |
| 2 | **fringe** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | gerund | the nightingale *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the blooming apple trees of the garden | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at tree=Theme |
| 4 | **bloom** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | the nightingale *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **bear** | present | trees *= tree* | roses |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rose=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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