---
title: before — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «before» in the school dictionary: Before means earlier than something else: before lunch. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# before

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** she, you, long, I, my, exam voice · **What happens:** mean, be, stand, know, warn, happen · **To what, where:** 9, class, it, threat, temper, prior · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«before» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [before in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/before.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before means earlier than something else: before lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:m1:1
# text = Before means earlier than something else: before lunch.
1	Before	before	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
6	else	else	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before means at an earlier time, in the past.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:m2:1
# text = Before means at an earlier time, in the past.
1	Before	before	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have been here before.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:m2e:1
# text = I have been here before.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
5	before	before	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  | before, here *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before can mean in front of: the number before 10 is 9; she stood before the class.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:m3:1
# text = Before can mean in front of: the number before 10 is 9; she stood before the class.
1	Before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	before	before	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  | before 10 | in front of the number | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in front=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | 9 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stand** | past | she |  |  | the class |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before class=Location |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Before you know it» means very soon; «before long» means soon.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:m4:1
# text = «Before you know it» means very soon; «before long» means soon.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
16	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** *in a quote* | present | you | it |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | present | long |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Before I …» in a threat warns of what will happen: «Get out before I lose my temper.».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:m5:1
# text = «Before I …» in a threat warns of what will happen: «Get out before I lose my temper.».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Before	before	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
4	…	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	threat	threat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
9	warns	warn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	nsubj	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
17	out	out	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
21	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	temper	temper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | I |  |  | a threat |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **happen** | future |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **get out** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn withdraw-82-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **lose** *in a quote* | present | I | my temper |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temper=Eventuality |
| 5 | **temper** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom temper «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exam voice says «prior to», «previously», «antecedent to», «in advance of», «hitherto», «preceding».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:m6:1
# text = The exam voice says «prior to», «previously», «antecedent to», «in advance of», «hitherto», «preceding».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	antecedent	antecedent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	advance	advance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	preceding	precede	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the exam voice | prior |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **precede** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
First, a little revision of what we learned before: Adding within 20.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x1:1
# text = First, a little revision of what we learned before: Adding within 20.
1	First	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	revision	revision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nmod	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	before	before	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
13	within	within	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | a little revision |  |  |  |  | before, first *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | a little revision *not said here* |  |  |  |  | within 20 | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Test: 60 of 60 right (before the lesson: 0 of 60).

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x2:1
# text = Test: 60 of 60 right (before the lesson: 0 of 60).
1	Test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	appos	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
6	right	right	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before lunch Jake had 15 marbles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x3:1
# text = Before lunch Jake had 15 marbles.
1	Before	before	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	Jake	Jake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Jake | 15 marbles |  |  | before lunch |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marble=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ann had 8 coins before she found 4 more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x4:1
# text = Ann had 8 coins before she found 4 more.
1	Ann	Ann	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Ann | 8 coins |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | past | Ann | 4 more |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands before you eat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x5:1
# text = Wash your hands before you eat.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What number comes before 20?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x6:1
# text = What number comes before 20?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	obj	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | number |  |  |  | before 20 |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location what=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have never seen a whale before.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x7:1
# text = I have never seen a whale before.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	before	before	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | present · perfect | I | a whale |  |  |  | before *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whale=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brush your teeth before bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x8:1
# text = Brush your teeth before bed.
1	Brush	brush	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brush** | imperative | you *not said here* | your teeth |  | bed |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme before bed=Destination |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You'll be grown up before you know it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x9:1
# text = You'll be grown up before you know it.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow up** | future · passive |  | You |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | present | you | it |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
put it back before mum sees, she'll kill us

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x10:1
# text = put it back before mum sees, she'll kill us
1	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
11	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put back** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal |
| 2 | **see** | present | mum |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **kill** | future | mum | us |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Get off my bike before I count to three!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x11:1
# text = Get off my bike before I count to three!
1	Get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	count	count	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get off** | imperative | you *not said here* | my bike |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bike=Stimulus |
| 2 | **count** | present | I |  |  |  |  | to three | vn matter-91 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to three=Experiencer |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prior to the transaction, Jake was in possession of 15 marbles; state the integer immediately preceding 15.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x12:1
# text = Prior to the transaction, Jake was in possession of 15 marbles; state the integer immediately preceding 15.
1	Prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	transaction	transaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Jake	Jake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	integer	integer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
17	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	preceding	precede	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
19	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Jake |  |  | possession and the state integer |  | prior the transaction; of 15 marbles | tree rules |
| 2 | **precede** | gerund | the state integer *not said here* | 15 |  |  |  | immediately *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 15=Co-Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I have never seen you before."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:before:x13:1
# text = "I have never seen you before."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	before	before	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** *in a quote* | present · perfect | I | you |  |  |  | before *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [befool](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/befool/)
- next →: [beforehand](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/beforehand/)
- ↑ back to [B in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/)