---
title: beforehand — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «beforehand» in the school dictionary: Beforehand means earlier, before something else happens, often to get ready. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# beforehand

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Beforehand, something, you, I, We, play · **What happens:** mean, happen, get, wash, tell, go · **To what, where:** hands, parents, prediction, toilet, 20 marbles, 6 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«beforehand» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [beforehand in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/beforehand.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beforehand means earlier, before something else happens, often to get ready.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beforehand:m1:1
# text = Beforehand means earlier, before something else happens, often to get ready.
1	Beforehand	Beforehand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
7	else	else	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
13	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Beforehand |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **happen** | present | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **get** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | often, ready *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands beforehand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beforehand:x1:1
# text = Wash your hands beforehand.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	beforehand	beforehand	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  | beforehand *property* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell your parents beforehand where you are going.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beforehand:x2:1
# text = Tell your parents beforehand where you are going.
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	iobj	_	_
4	beforehand	beforehand	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | your parents |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent parent=Recipient |
| 2 | **go** | present · progressive | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I made a prediction beforehand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beforehand:x3:1
# text = I made a prediction beforehand.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	prediction	prediction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	beforehand	beforehand	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | I | a prediction |  |  |  | beforehand *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prediction=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We practised beforehand so the play went well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beforehand:x4:1
# text = We practised beforehand so the play went well.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	practised	practise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	beforehand	beforehand	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | past | We |  |  |  |  | beforehand *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | past | the play |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Go to the toilet beforehand, because the trip is long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beforehand:x5:1
# text = Go to the toilet beforehand, because the trip is long.
1	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	toilet	toilet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	beforehand	beforehand	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the toilet |  | beforehand *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to toilet=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | the trip |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had 20 marbles beforehand and 14 afterwards, so she lost 6.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beforehand:x6:1
# text = She had 20 marbles beforehand and 14 afterwards, so she lost 6.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	beforehand	beforehand	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	14	14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	parataxis	_	_
8	afterwards	afterwards	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | She | 20 marbles |  |  |  | beforehand *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marble=Patient |
| 2 | **lose** | past | she | 6 |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 6=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Read the questions beforehand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beforehand:x7:1
# text = Read the questions beforehand.
1	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	beforehand	beforehand	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the questions |  |  |  | beforehand *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent question=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you can't come, let us know beforehand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beforehand:x8:1
# text = If you can't come, let us know beforehand.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	beforehand	beforehand	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **come** *a condition, not said to happen* | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  | beforehand *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vasilissa went into her little closet, set before the doll a supper which she had provided beforehand, and said:

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beforehand:x9:1
# text = Vasilissa went into her little closet, set before the doll a supper which she had provided beforehand, and said:
1	Vasilissa	Vasilissa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	closet	closet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	doll	doll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	supper	supper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	provided	provide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	beforehand	beforehand	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Vasilissa |  |  | Vasilissa's little closet |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into closet=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **set** | participle |  | Vasilissa's little closet *not said here* |  | the doll and a supper |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent before doll=Destination |
| 3 | **provide** | past · perfect · passive |  | a supper |  |  |  | beforehand *property* | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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