---
title: beginner — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «beginner» in the school dictionary: A beginner is a person who is just starting to learn or do something and does not have much skill yet. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# beginner

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** beginner, person, I, This, ski slope, Everyone · **What happens:** be, start, learn, do, not have, not be · **To what, where:** person, something, much skill, beginner, guitar, book

<!-- .vabout -->
«beginner» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [beginner in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/beginner.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A beginner is a person who is just starting to learn or do something and does not have much skill yet.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beginner:m1:1
# text = A beginner is a person who is just starting to learn or do something and does not have much skill yet.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beginner	beginner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	starting	start	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
19	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a beginner | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** | present · progressive | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **learn** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **do** | infinitive | a person *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 5 | **not** **have** | present · do-support | a person *not said here* | much skill |  |  | yet |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skill=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm a beginner at the guitar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beginner:x1:1
# text = I'm a beginner at the guitar.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	beginner	beginner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	guitar	guitar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | I | a beginner |  | the guitar |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This is a book for beginners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beginner:x2:1
# text = This is a book for beginners.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	beginners	beginner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | a book |  |  |  | for beginners | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ski slope for beginners is not steep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beginner:x3:1
# text = The ski slope for beginners is not steep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ski	ski	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	slope	slope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	beginners	beginner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | the ski slope for beginners |  |  |  |  | steep *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone was a beginner once.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beginner:x4:1
# text = Everyone was a beginner once.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	beginner	beginner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Everyone | a beginner |  |  |  | once *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She won the game with beginner's luck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beginner:x5:1
# text = She won the game with beginner's luck.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	beginner	beginner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | She | the game |  |  |  | with beginner's luck | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beginners should swim in the shallow end.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beginner:x6:1
# text = Beginners should swim in the shallow end.
1	Beginners	beginner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	shallow	shallow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | should | Beginners |  |  |  | in the shallow end |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in end=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's a complete beginner, so be patient.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beginner:x7:1
# text = He's a complete beginner, so be patient.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	beginner	beginner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	patient	patient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | He | a complete beginner |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | patient *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We start with beginner piano pieces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beginner:x8:1
# text = We start with beginner piano pieces.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	beginner	beginner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | We |  |  |  |  | with piano pieces | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with piece=Subeventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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