---
title: beheading — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «beheading» in the school dictionary: Cutting off someone's head as a punishment; an execution. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# beheading

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Henry, Queen, executioner, you, Beheadings · **What happens:** cut off, order, shout, say, not behead, behead · **To what, where:** head, beheading, cat, Charles, 1649, Nobody · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«beheading» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [beheading in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/beheading.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cutting off someone's head as a punishment; an execution.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beheading:m1:1
# text = Cutting off someone's head as a punishment; an execution.
1	Cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	execution	execution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut off** | gerund |  | someone's head |  |  |  | as a punishment and a execution | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector head=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cutting off the head of a person or animal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beheading:m2:1
# text = Cutting off the head of a person or animal.
1	Cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut off** | gerund |  | the head of a person or animal |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector head=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Henry VIII ordered the beheading of two of his wives.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beheading:x1:1
# text = Henry VIII ordered the beheading of two of his wives.
1	Henry	Henry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	VIII	VIII	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	1	flat	_	_
3	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	beheading	beheading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	wives	wife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **order** | past | Henry | the beheading of two of Henry's wives |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beheading=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Off with her head!» shouted the Queen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beheading:x2:1
# text = «Off with her head!» shouted the Queen.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Off	off	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | the Queen |  |  |  |  | with her head; off *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The executioner said you can't behead a cat with no body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beheading:x3:1
# text = The executioner said you can't behead a cat with no body.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	executioner	executioner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	behead	behead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
12	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the executioner |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **behead** | can | you | a cat |  |  |  | with no body | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent cat=Patient with body=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Charles I was beheaded in 1649.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beheading:x4:1
# text = Charles I was beheaded in 1649.
1	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	beheaded	behead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1649	1649	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behead** | past · passive |  | Charles |  | 1649 |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody was really beheaded in Wonderland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beheading:x5:1
# text = Nobody was really beheaded in Wonderland.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	really	really	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	beheaded	behead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Wonderland	Wonderland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behead** | past · passive |  | Nobody |  | Wonderland |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beheadings once took place in front of crowds at the Tower of London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beheading:x6:1
# text = Beheadings once took place in front of crowds at the Tower of London.
1	Beheadings	beheading	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	advmod	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	crowds	crowd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Tower	Tower	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Beheadings | place |  | front of crowds |  | at the Tower of London; once *property* | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent place=Value in front=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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