---
title: behind — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «behind» in the school dictionary: Behind means at the back of something: «behind the tree». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# behind

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, many people, Ben, 7 runners, cat, team · **What happens:** mean, leave, be, stand, hide, not fall behind · **To what, where:** back, place, bag, Zoe, sofa, 2 goals · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«behind» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [behind in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/behind.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behind means at the back of something: «behind the tree».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:m1:1
# text = Behind means at the back of something: «behind the tree».
1	Behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | the back of something |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behind means after someone in a line or a race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:m2:1
# text = Behind means after someone in a line or a race.
1	Behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | after someone |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behind can mean late or slower than others: «behind with homework».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:m3:1
# text = Behind can mean late or slower than others: «behind with homework».
1	Behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	slower	slow	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	3	advcl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behind can mean left in a place: «I left my bag behind».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:m4:1
# text = Behind can mean left in a place: «I left my bag behind».
1	Behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
12	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **leave** *not said to happen* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | in a place *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in place=Result |
| 3 | **leave** *in a quote* | past | I | my bag |  |  |  | behind *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many people are behind her?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:x1:1
# text = How many people are behind her?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many people |  |  |  |  | behind her *= she* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben stands behind 5 children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:x2:1
# text = Ben stands behind 5 children.
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | Ben |  |  |  |  | behind 5 children | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind child=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
7 runners are behind Zoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:x3:1
# text = 7 runners are behind Zoe.
1	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Zoe	Zoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | 7 runners |  |  | Zoe |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat is hiding behind the sofa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:x4:1
# text = The cat is hiding behind the sofa.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	hiding	hide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | present · progressive | the cat |  |  | the sofa |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind sofa=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team was 2 goals behind at half-time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:x5:1
# text = Our team was 2 goals behind at half-time.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	goals	goal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Our team | 2 goals |  |  |  | behind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I left my coat behind at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:x6:1
# text = I left my coat behind at school.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | I | my coat |  | school |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent coat=Theme behind school=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't fall behind with your reading.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:x7:1
# text = Don't fall behind with your reading.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	fall	fall	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **fall behind** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with your reading; behind *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **read** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom reading «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sun went behind a cloud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:x8:1
# text = The sun went behind a cloud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the sun |  |  | a cloud |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme behind cloud=Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Fiddler hid behind the stove-pipe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:behind:x9:1
# text = The Fiddler hid behind the stove-pipe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Fiddler	Fiddler	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	stove	stove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | the Fiddler |  |  | the stove pipe |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind pipe=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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