---
title: beholding — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «beholding» in the school dictionary: Looking at; seeing, especially something wonderful or surprising. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# beholding

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Beholden, they, shepherds, she, virgin · **What happens:** look, see, mean, owe, help, stand · **To what, where:** something, thanks, someone, you, angel, sea · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«beholding» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [beholding in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/beholding.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old, literary — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Looking at; seeing, especially something wonderful or surprising.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beholding:m1:1
# text = Looking at; seeing, especially something wonderful or surprising.
1	Looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
4	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
8	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	surprising	surprising	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **see** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Behold» = look! see!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beholding:m2:1
# text = «Behold» = look! see!
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	5	punct	_	_
5	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beholden means owing thanks to someone because they helped you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beholding:m3:1
# text = Beholden means owing thanks to someone because they helped you.
1	Beholden	Beholden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	owing	owe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Beholden |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **owe** *not said to happen* | gerund | Beholden *not said here* | thanks | someone |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent thanks=Theme to someone=Goal |
| 3 | **help** | past | they |  | you |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shepherds stood beholding the angel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beholding:x1:1
# text = The shepherds stood beholding the angel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	beholding	behold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	angel	angel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the shepherds |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **behold** | gerund | the shepherds *not said here* | the angel |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer angel=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beholding the sea for the first time, she gasped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beholding:x2:1
# text = Beholding the sea for the first time, she gasped.
1	Beholding	behold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gasped	gasp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behold** | gerund | she *not said here* | the sea |  |  | time |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sea=Stimulus |
| 2 | **gasp** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Behold, a virgin shall conceive,» says the Bible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beholding:x3:1
# text = «Behold, a virgin shall conceive,» says the Bible.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	virgin	virgin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	conceive	conceive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
10	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceive** *in a quote* | shall | a virgin |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Bible |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mole stood beholding the river in wonder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beholding:x4:1
# text = Mole stood beholding the river in wonder.
1	Mole	Mole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	beholding	behold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wonder	wonder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | Mole |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **behold** | gerund | Mole *not said here* | the river |  | wonder |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer river=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crowd stood beholding the fireworks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beholding:x5:1
# text = The crowd stood beholding the fireworks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	beholding	behold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fireworks	firework	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the crowd |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **behold** | gerund | the crowd *not said here* | the fireworks |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer firework=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beholding:x6:1
# text = Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
1	Beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beholder	beholder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Beauty |  |  | the eye |  | of the beholder | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Oh, Ivan," said the merchants, "we are beholding to you; but for you we would have been lost men.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beholding:x7:1
# text = "Oh, Ivan," said the merchants, "we are beholding to you; but for you we would have been lost men.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Ivan	Ivan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	merchants	merchant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	beholding	behold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	26	nmod	_	_
21	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
22	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux	_	_
24	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	cop	_	_
25	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	amod	_	_
26	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ivan | the merchants |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent merchant=Topic |
| 2 | **behold** *in a quote* | present · progressive | we |  | you |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **lose** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | would · perfect | we | lost men |  |  |  | for you | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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