---
title: being — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «being» in the school dictionary: Being is the -ing form of be: «you're being silly», «being late is rude». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# being

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, chess club, new teacher, she, it, we · **What happens:** be, imagine, exist, live, come, mean · **To what, where:** ing form, living creature, whole self, him, that, pain · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«being» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [being in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/being.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being is the -ing form of be: «you're being silly», «being late is rude».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:m1:1
# text = Being is the -ing form of be: «you're being silly», «being late is rude».
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
14	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	cop	_	_
19	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | gerund |  | the ing form |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | infinitive | you |  |  |  |  | silly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | rude *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A being is a living creature, real or imagined: «human beings», «beings from another planet».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:m2:1
# text = A being is a living creature, real or imagined: «human beings», «beings from another planet».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	imagined	imagine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
21	planet	planet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | gerund |  | a living creature |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **imagine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being is existing or living: «the chess club came into being when the new teacher arrived».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:m3:1
# text = Being is existing or living: «the chess club came into being when the new teacher arrived».
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	existing	exist	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	cop	_	_
14	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	18	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** *in a quote* | past | the chess club |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | gerund | the new teacher |  |  |  |  | arrive *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your being means your whole self: «she loved him with all her being».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:m4:1
# text = Your being means your whole self: «she loved him with all her being».
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	15	det:predet	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  | your whole self |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **love** *in a quote* | past | she | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Being as» or «being that» means because: «Being as it's raining, we'll stay in.» — common in speech, not in good writing.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:m5:1
# text = «Being as» or «being that» means because: «Being as it's raining, we'll stay in.» — common in speech, not in good writing.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	cop	_	_
3	as	as	ADV	RB	_	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	aux	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	raining	rain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	parataxis	_	_
23	in	in	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
26	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
27	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	parataxis	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	34	advmod	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | as *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | gerund |  | that |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **rain** *in a quote* | gerund · progressive | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **stay in** *in a quote* | future | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Stop being a pain», «you're being a right idiot» use being for annoying behaviour right now.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:m6:1
# text = «Stop being a pain», «you're being a right idiot» use being for annoying behaviour right now.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	idiot	idiot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
17	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	cop	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	annoying	annoying	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
21	right	right	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | gerund |  | a pain |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | you | a right idiot |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **use** | infinitive | a right idiot |  |  |  | now |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for annoying behaviour | tree rules |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«It being the case that» and «there being» are stiff ways to start a fact: «There being 30 pupils, 6 groups were formed.».

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:m7:1
# text = «It being the case that» and «there being» are stiff ways to start a fact: «There being 30 pupils, 6 groups were formed.».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
11	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
13	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	25	expl	_	_
23	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	cop	_	_
24	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
29	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | gerund | It | the case |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **does** | present | stiff ways |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **start** | to-infinitive | stiff ways *not said here* | a fact |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Eventuality |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | gerund |  | 30 pupils and 6 groups |  | there |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **form** *in a quote* | past · passive | a fact *not said here* | 30 pupils and 6 groups |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop being silly and sit down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x1:1
# text = Stop being silly and sit down.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	cop	_	_
3	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	sit	sit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | silly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **sit down** | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being kind costs nothing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x2:1
# text = Being kind costs nothing.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	csubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cost** | present |  | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme nothing=Value |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Human beings need water to live.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x3:1
# text = Human beings need water to live.
1	Human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Human beings | water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | water *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film is about beings from another planet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x4:1
# text = The film is about beings from another planet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	planet	planet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the film |  |  | another planet |  | about beings | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For the time being, we'll use the old classroom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x5:1
# text = For the time being, we'll use the old classroom.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | future | we | the old classroom |  |  | time |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent classroom=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school club came into being when Mrs Lee started it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x6:1
# text = The school club came into being when Mrs Lee started it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	Mrs	Mrs	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	Lee	Lee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the school club |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | Mrs |  |  |  |  | start *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exercise is good for your well-being.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x7:1
# text = Exercise is good for your well-being.
1	Exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Exercise |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
being as there's 5 of us, get 10 sausages (casual)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x8:1
# text = being as there's 5 of us, get 10 sausages (casual)
1	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	sausages	sausage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	casual	casual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | 5 of us |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | imperative | you *not said here* | 10 sausages |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sausage=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You're being a right pain today, pack it in. (rough)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* You're being a right pain today, pack it in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x9:1
# text = You're being a right pain today, pack it in.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	pack	pack	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | You | a right pain |  |  | today |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pack in** | infinitive |  | pain |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (rough)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x9:2
# text = (rough)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There being 30 pupils in total, arranged in groups of 5, determine the number of groups. (formal exam)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* There being 30 pupils in total, arranged in groups of 5, determine the number of groups.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x10:1
# text = There being 30 pupils in total, arranged in groups of 5, determine the number of groups.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
2	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
3	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	arranged	arrange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	determine	determine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund | 30 pupils |  |  | there |  | total *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **arrange** | participle | 30 pupils *not said here* |  |  | groups of 5 |  |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in group=Destination |
| 3 | **determine** | infinitive | 30 pupils *not said here* | the number of groups |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (formal exam)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x10:2
# text = (formal exam)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I saw the army being reviewed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:being:x11:1
# text = I saw the army being reviewed.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	reviewed	review	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | I | the army |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer army=Stimulus |
| 2 | **review** | gerund · passive |  | the army *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP» |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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