---
title: ben — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ben» in the school dictionary: Ben is a boy's name, short for Benjamin. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ben

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ben, Ben Nevis, We, Scottish cottage, Howdy · **What happens:** be, use, climb, walk, have, exclaim · **To what, where:** name, mountain, names, inner room, best friend, highest mountain

<!-- .vabout -->
«ben» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ben in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ben.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben is a boy's name, short for Benjamin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ben:m1:1
# text = Ben is a boy's name, short for Benjamin.
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ben | a boy's name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Scotland — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ben is a mountain or high peak, used in names like Ben Nevis.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ben:m2:1
# text = A ben is a mountain or high peak, used in names like Ben Nevis.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ben	ben	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	peak	peak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	Nevis	Nevis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ben | a mountain or high peak |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a mountain or high peak *not said here* |  | names like Ben |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Scotland, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ben is the inner room of a small cottage («but and ben»).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ben:m3:1
# text = The ben is the inner room of a small cottage («but and ben»).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ben	ben	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	inner	inner	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cottage	cottage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	ben	ben	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the ben | the inner room |  |  |  | of a small cottage | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben is my best friend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ben:x1:1
# text = Ben is my best friend.
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ben | my best friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ben:x2:1
# text = Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain.
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
2	Nevis	Nevis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ben Nevis | the highest mountain |  | Britain |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Big Ben chimes every hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ben:x3:1
# text = Big Ben chimes every hour.
1	Big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chimes	chime	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We climbed a ben in the Highlands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ben:x4:1
# text = We climbed a ben in the Highlands.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ben	ben	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Highlands	Highland	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | We | a ben |  | the Highlands |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location ben=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben and Lily walked to school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ben:x5:1
# text = Ben and Lily walked to school.
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | Ben and Lily |  |  |  |  | to school *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to school=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Scottish cottage had a but and a ben.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ben:x6:1
# text = The Scottish cottage had a but and a ben.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cottage	cottage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ben	ben	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the Scottish cottage | a ben |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ben=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Howdy, Daddy Ben?" the stranger exclaimed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ben:x7:1
# text = "Howdy, Daddy Ben?" the stranger exclaimed.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Howdy	howdy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	Daddy	Daddy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | Howdy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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