---
title: bend — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bend» in the school dictionary: To bend is to make something curved, not straight. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bend

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bend, He, road, She, you, straw · **What happens:** bend, be, have, lift, bend down, tie · **To what, where:** curve, road, rules, cm wire, square, 3 bends · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bend» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bend in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bend.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To bend is to make something curved, not straight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:m1:1
# text = To bend is to make something curved, not straight.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	curved	curved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | curved, make, straight *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To bend is to lean your body forward or down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:m2:1
# text = To bend is to lean your body forward or down.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	lean	lean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	down	down	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | forward, lean *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bend is a curve in a road, river or pipe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:m3:1
# text = A bend is a curve in a road, river or pipe.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bend	bend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	curve	curve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bend | a curve |  | a road |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To bend the rules is to break them a little.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:m4:1
# text = To bend the rules is to break them a little.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	break	break	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | to-infinitive |  | the rules |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent rule=Material |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | a little *obl:unmarked*; break *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He bends a 24 cm wire into a square.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:x1:1
# text = He bends a 24 cm wire into a square.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	24	24	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	compound	_	_
6	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | present | He | a cm wire |  | a square |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent wire=Material into square=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road has 3 bends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:x2:1
# text = The road has 3 bends.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	bends	bend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the road | 3 bends |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bend=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She bent the straw in half.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:x3:1
# text = She bent the straw in half.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bent	bend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | past | She | the straw |  | half |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent straw=Theme in half=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How long is each side of the bent wire square?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:x4:1
# text = How long is each side of the bent wire square?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	bent	bent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | each side |  |  |  | of the bent wire square; long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bend your knees when you lift a heavy box.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:x5:1
# text = Bend your knees when you lift a heavy box.
1	Bend	bend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	lift	lift	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | imperative | you *not said here* | your knees |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent knee=Material |
| 2 | **lift** | present | you | a heavy box |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent box=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She bent down to tie her shoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:x6:1
# text = She bent down to tie her shoe.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bent	bend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	tie	tie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend down** | past | She |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tie** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | her shoe |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drive slowly round the bend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:x7:1
# text = Drive slowly round the bend.
1	Drive	drive	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	round	round	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bend	bend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the bend |  | slowly *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent round bend=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A straw looks bent in a glass of water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:x8:1
# text = A straw looks bent in a glass of water.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bent	bent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | a straw |  |  |  |  | bent *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river bends around the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:x9:1
# text = The river bends around the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | present | the river |  |  | the hill |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent around hill=Location |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't bend the rules of the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:x10:1
# text = Don't bend the rules of the game.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	bend	bend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **bend** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the rules of the game |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent rule=Material |
| 2 | **rule** |  | the game |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Where?" said Woe, bending down; "I can't see a thing."

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bend:x11:1
# text = "Where?" said Woe, bending down; "I can't see a thing."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Woe	Woe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	bending	bend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Woe |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **bend down** | gerund | Woe *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **see** *in a quote* | can | Woe | a thing |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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