---
title: beneath — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «beneath» in the school dictionary: Under or below something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# beneath

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** them, cat, roots, hot rock, She, He · **What happens:** do, sleep, grow, be, hide, think · **To what, where:** proud, soil, letter, pillow, name, ice

<!-- .vabout -->
«beneath» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [beneath in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/beneath.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Under or below something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beneath:m1:1
# text = Under or below something.
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	below	below	ADP	IN	_	1	conj	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
beneath someone: not good enough for someone, or too low for them to do (often proud or rude).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beneath:m2:1
# text = beneath someone: not good enough for someone, or too low for them to do (often proud or rude).
1	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
6	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	too	too	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	often	often	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	obj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive | them *= they* | proud |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proud=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat slept beneath the table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beneath:x1:1
# text = The cat slept beneath the table.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | past | the cat |  |  |  |  | beneath the table | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beneath the soil, roots grow deep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beneath:x2:1
# text = Beneath the soil, roots grow deep.
1	Beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | roots |  |  | the soil |  | deep *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath soil=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is hot rock far beneath the Earth's surface.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beneath:x3:1
# text = There is hot rock far beneath the Earth's surface.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
6	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | hot rock |  |  | there |  | far *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She hid the letter beneath her pillow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beneath:x4:1
# text = She hid the letter beneath her pillow.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	pillow	pillow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | She | the letter |  | her pillow |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent letter=Patient beneath pillow=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He thinks washing up is beneath him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beneath:x5:1
# text = He thinks washing up is beneath him.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	washing	wash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **wash up** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | beneath him *= he* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write your name beneath the title.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beneath:x6:1
# text = Write your name beneath the title.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | your name |  |  |  | beneath the title | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme |
| 2 | **name** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fish swam beneath the ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beneath:x7:1
# text = The fish swam beneath the ice.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | past | the fish |  |  | the ice |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath ice=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Meet here beneath this ash-tree's roots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:beneath:x8:1
# text = Meet here beneath this ash-tree's roots.
1	Meet	meet	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	_
3	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
5	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | here |  | beneath this ash tree's roots | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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