---
title: benefactor — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «benefactor» in the school dictionary: A benefactor is a person who helps others by giving them money, gifts, or kindness. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# benefactor

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**Who acts:** benefactor, person, rich lady, old beggar, kind benefactor · **What happens:** be, help, give, thank, reward · **To what, where:** person, others, money, benefactor, you

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«benefactor» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [benefactor in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/benefactor.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A benefactor is a person who helps others by giving them money, gifts, or kindness.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:benefactor:m1:1
# text = A benefactor is a person who helps others by giving them money, gifts, or kindness.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	benefactor	benefactor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	iobj	_	_
12	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a benefactor | a person and gifts or kindness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | present | a person and gifts or kindness | others |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **give** | gerund | a person and gifts or kindness *not said here* | money | others *= other* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient money=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rich lady was a benefactor of our school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:benefactor:x1:1
# text = The rich lady was a benefactor of our school.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	benefactor	benefactor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the rich lady | a benefactor |  |  |  | of our school | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old beggar thanked her benefactor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:benefactor:x2:1
# text = The old beggar thanked her benefactor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	beggar	beggar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	thanked	thank	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	benefactor	benefactor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | past | the old beggar | beggar's benefactor |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent benefactor=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My kind benefactor, how can I reward you?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:benefactor:x3:1
# text = My kind benefactor, how can I reward you?
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	benefactor	benefactor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	reward	reward	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reward** | can | My kind benefactor |  | you |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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